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CHAPTER 20
Classification
Binomial Nomenclature
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Basic group used for identifying
organisms is the species.
Carolus Linneaus began giving
every species its own unique binomial
(two word) name.
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The first word was the genus, the
second word was the species.
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Example: Homo sapiens -- Homo =
genus, sapiens =species
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Taxonomy
Taxonomy – the branch of
biology concerned with the
classifications of organisms.
Organisms are classified in a
hierarchy of larger and more
inclusive categories.
Most Inclusive  Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
Least Inclusive  Species
Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools
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Taxon – a group of organisms
defined by the classification
scheme.
 Example: class, species
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Five Kingdoms
 Prokaryotae
 Protista
 Fungi
 Plantae
 Animalia
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Dichotomous Key
A way of determining the
identity of an organism.
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It is a list of questions that are
answered yes or no.
The answer tells you which
question to go to.
Our specimen: long stem, large green leaves,
pink flowers, small brown thorns.
1. a. specimen has a long stem – go to 3
b. specimen does not have long stem – go to 2
2. a. specimen has large orange flowers – go to 6.
b. specimen has no large orange flowers – go to 8.
3. a. specimen has large green leaves – go to 4.
b. specimen does not have large green leaves–go to 9.
4. a. specimen has pink flowers – go to 5
b. specimen has no pink flowers – go to 7
5. a. specimen has brown thorns – Rosaciea
carnicovia
b. specimen has no brown thorns – go to 10
1. Leaves usually without teeth or lobes: 2
1. Leaves usually with teeth or lobes: 5
2. Leaves evergreen: 3
2. Leaves not evergreen: 4
3. Mature plant a large tree — Southern live
oak Quercus virginiana
3. Mature plant a small shrub — Quercus
minima
4. Leaf narrow, about 4-6 times as long as broad —
Willow oak Quercus phellos
4. Leaf broad, about 2-3 times as long as broad —
Shingle oak Quercus imbricaria
5. Lobes or teeth bristle-tipped: 6
5. Lobes or teeth rounded or blunt-pointed, no
bristles: 7
6. Leaves mostly with 3 lobes —
Blackjack oak Quercus marilandica
6. Leaves mostly with 7-9 lobes —
Northern red oak Quercus rubra
7. Leaves with 5-9 deep lobes — White
oak Quercus alba
7. Leaves with 21-27 shallow lobes —
Swamp chestnut oak Quercus prinus
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotomous_key