Download Chemical laboratory.

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Preface
Introduction
Lessons about
water
Chemical labalatory
Tests
Rules of work design
Authors
Literature for
recommendation
Literature sources
Mezhdurache, 2010
Hello, the young researcher! My name is Marina Gumovich
and I am a pupil of the 11th form in Mezhdureche secondary
school, Murmansk region. I am fond of Information
Technology and Chemistry, Music and Physics. Since the 5th
form I have been doing different researches as a member of
school ecological society “The little prince”. I decided to unite
your and my interests in this project, dear colleague-researcher.
It is said that wisdom should be learnt by the follies of others,
but my proposal for you is to learn with the help of my
projects. And for example I offer you to use the electronic
version of the course, which was created in POWERPOINT
program. Here I managed to combine my interests in chemistry
and physics. It will be glad if this manual helps you in your
own researchers.
Chemical
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Gumovich Marina
Vladimirovna,
pupil of the 11th form,
Mezhdureche secondary
school, Kolsky district,
Murmansk region
Chemical
laboratory
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Tebieva Elena
Aleksandrovna, teacher of
chemistry and biology,
Mezhdureche secondary
school, Kolsky district,
Murmansk region
LESSONS ABOUT WATER.
Lesson 1
Chemical
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TESTS.
Test 1
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CHEMICAL LABORATORY.
Growing of
crystals.
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Lessons about
water
Meaning of turgor in
plants’ life.
Chromatography.
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Lessons about
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Water is one of the most widespread combinations on the Earth. Molecules of
water were found in the interstellar space. Most of the planets in Solar system,
their satellites and comets have water in their structure. The greatest amount of
water is in seas and oceans. Living organisms contain 70% of water. Water
(hydrogen oxide) Н2О is the elementary steady compound of hydrogen and oxygen.
It is the liquid without smell, taste and color.
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Lessons about
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1.Water as solvent.
Water is the solvent for many substances. It is used by human being for cleaning
his own body and for clearing the objects of human activity. Water is used as the
solvent both at home and in the industry. Every morning you wake up and make a
cup of tea or coffee. When you cook you also use water. For example to dissolute
salt .
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2.Water gives elasticity.
Penetrating into the cell through membranes and making the high pressure in it
(turgor) , water gives elasticity to leaves, flowers petals and grass stalks. When
the soil is dry, the leaves begin to wilt and fall down. A very simple experiment can
prove this characteristic.
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3. Differentiation of mixtures with water help. Chromatography.
Chromatography is a method of differentiation the mixtures of substances or
particles. As a result we can get chromatogram.
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Lessons about
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Lesson summary.
Characteristic
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Meaning
Show the filled table.
Experiment
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Lessons about
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Lesson summary.
Characteristic
Meaning
Experiment
Water is solvent
It is a solvent for many
substances, this
characteristic is used in
cooking.
Growing of crystals
Water gives elasticity
Water gives elasticity to
leaves, flowers petals
and grass stalks.
«Flower»
Mixture differentiation
with water help
It is used in
chromatography
Gromatogram
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The result: water is a very important substance
for every living being and this fact determines
water characteristic.
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1. The largest part of water consists:
1. In the interstellar
space
3. In living organisms
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Lessons about
water
Question 2
Question 3
2. In seas and oceans
4. In planets of the Solar
system
Question 4
Question 5
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2. Water is solvent. The follow
effects prove this fact:
1. Making tea
3. Acid rain
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Lessons about
water
Question1
2. Freezing of water
4. Snow
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
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3. Chromatography is:
1. The amount of water in
living organism cells
3. Method of differentiation
the mixtures of substances
or particles
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Lessons about
water
Question 1
Question 2
2.Detection of presence
the living organisms in
water
4. Water analysis for
detection the organic
substances presence
Question 4
Question 5
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4. Because of lack of water leaves
begin to fall down. They:
1. Lose elasticity
3. Lose shape
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Lessons about
water
Question 1
Question 2
2. Lose color
4. Become heavier
Question 3
Question 5
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5. If the salt doesn’t dissolve in
water, it means that:
1. The solution isn’t
saturated
3. The temperature of
water isn’t suitable for
solvent
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Lessons about
water
Question 1
Question 2
2. The salt isn’t solvable
4. The solution is
saturated
Question 3
Question 4
Question 1
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Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Question 1
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Question 2
Question 3
Question 4
Question 5
Chemical laboratory.
Crystals growth.
The process of crystals growth at home can be divided into following steps:
Step 1: Solve the salt which is necessary for crystal growth ( for example table salt or copper
sulfate) in warm water (warm water can solve the bigger amount of salt than the water of
room temperature). You should solve the salt until it cannot solve anymore (the solution
must be saturated!).
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Chemical laboratory.
Crystals growth.
Step 2: Pour the saturated solution into another container, where crystals growth can be
made (you should notice the fact the crystal will enlarge). The solution should remain warm
during this step.
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Chemical laboratory.
Crystals growth.
Step 3: Fasten the salt crystal to a thread, at the same time thread should be fastened to a
pencil, for example. Put the pencil on the glass brim, where the saturated solution is. Put the
crystal down into the solution.
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Chemical laboratory.
Crystals growth.
Step 4: Put the glass with saturated solution and the crystal inside to the place without
draught, vibration and a lot of light (crystal growth requires all these conditions to be
followed). Put the white paper on the top of the glass in order not to let dust and rubbish
get into the solution. Leave the solution for some days.
It is important!
1. The crystal shouldn’t be taken away from the solution without special
reason.
2. Do not let the rubbish get into the saturated solution.
3. Choose or refresh the saturated solution once a week.
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Lesson
Chemical laboratory.
Meaning of turgor in plants life.
Material s: paper, felt-tip pen, ruler, scissors, big plate.
Step 1: Draw a flower on a paper in the following manner:
Draw a circle with 15 centimeters in diameter . Draw 4 straight lines through the circle
center in the way these lines divide the circle into 8 parts. Use these straight lines to draw
the petals. Cut out the flower.
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Chemical laboratory.
Meaning of turgor in plants life.
Step 2: Bend the petals to direct their bottoms to the center. If you do it correct the petals
overlap each other. Pour water into the plate. Put the flower with its petals on the top into
water.
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Chemical laboratory.
Meaning of turgor in plants life.
Step 3: The petals come up and the flower opens and swims on water surface.
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Lesson
Chemical laboratory.
Chromatography.
Equipment: glass with water, a piece of filter paper (10 см х 2 см), felt-tip pen.
Draw a line with felt-tip pen in 2 centimeters from the end of the piece ( draw it parallel to
the less side). Put the piece of paper into water and leave the drawn line under the water
surface. Notice the way paper becomes wet, water comes up in its structure, touches the
drawn line and takes the color up. And then you can see the line runs and appears to be
multicolor. This experiment lets to determine that the felt-tip pen’s color includes several
colors in it.
Task: Can you determine the real color of black felt-tip pen?
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Lessons