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Plant Structures, Functions, & Adaptations Fold your sheet in half. Root System Shoot System Reproductive System Cut flaps by cutting the FIRST layer only. Fill in your foldable with the notes provided. Structure will go on the left side and function will go on the right. Adaptations to the environment will go on the back. Flowers Structure Function Anther -produces pollen Pollen -haploid male gametes (sex cells) Stigma & Style -Sticky top of style where Ovary (Fruit) - Female organ which pollen lands. The Style transports it to the ovary. produces female gametes. A ripened ovary is the fruit, the seed is an embryo. Adaptation to Environment 1. Bright colors and sweet nectar to attract pollinators. 2. Development of Fruit for seed dispersal. Leavesphotosynthetic organ of a plant Structure Function Upper Epidermis -contains cuticle prevents water loss Palisade Mesophyll -Light reactions of photosynthesis. Spongy Mesophyll -Calvin cycle (stores CO2) Lower Epidermis -Lets CO2 in and O2 and water out (stomata) Adaptation to Environment 1.Thick cuticle in dry climates. 2.Few stomata to prevent water loss. 3.Reduced surface area to prevent water loss in dry regions. (Cactus) Stems Structure Xylem Function -vascular tissue (tubes) that carry water from the roots to the leaves for photosynthesis and to other parts of the plant. -Vascular tissue (tubes) Phloem that carry glucose (food) from the leaves to other parts of the plant. Adaptation to the Environment 1.Stiff cell walls for trunks and branches. Dead Xylem becomes the wood on the inside of tree trunks. 2. Can be modified to store food. Ex: Tubers (potatoes) and Bulbs Roots Structure Function Epidermis -protection and absorption of water and root and minerals. cap -increase surface Root hairs area for absorption of water & nutrients Root tips (apical meristem) - tip of root that is growing into the soil (area of mitosis). Adaptations to the Environment 1. Can be modified to store starch and sugar. (Carrots, Beets, Turnips) 2. In dry climates taproots form & can be extremely long to reach & store water. 3. Fibrous roots are good for preventing erosion and getting surface water due to being a thin and branching root system. 4. Capillary Action - force that allows the roots and the stem to absorb the water up in to themselves, against the force of gravity