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THE TUNDRA Arctic and Alpine By Ryanne Mora What is Tundra? - Comes from the Finnish word meaning barren or treeless land - Extreme cold temperatures and frozen, treeless landscapes characterize the tundra biome - Considered the be coldest of all the biomes - There are two types: Arctic Alpine Geographical Information The arctic tundra is at the top of the world around the North Pole. While alpine tundra is at the tops of cold mountains. Geographical information- Arctic Tundra • Lies between the North Pole and taiga or coniferous forests • The youngest biome in the world • In North America, it occurs in Greenland and North Alaska • In Europe, it is found in Scandinavia • In Asia, it is found in Siberia Geographical information – Alpine Tundra • Can be found at very high frozen mountain regions • In North America, it is found in Mexico, U.S.A., and Alaska • In South America, can be found in Andes Mountains • In northern Europe, can be found in Sweden, Russia, Norway, and Finland • In Asia, found in Himalayan Mountains and Mt. Fuji • In Africa, can be found in Mt. Kilimanjaro Climate of the Arctic Tundra • • • • • • Very windy blowing at 30-60 miles/hr Growing season ranges from 60 to 90 days Average winter temperature is -30ºF Average summer temperature s is 37-54ºF Yearly precipitation including snow is 15 to 25 cm Permafrost exists – a layer of permanently frozen subsoil Permafrost polygons melting away Climate of the Alpine Tundra • • • • The growing season is 180 days Nighttime temperature is below freezing Soil is well-drained Temperate and tropical regions exist only at high elevations Plants Arctic Plants that survive are resilient and roots are close to the surface • consists of shrubbery, lichen, moss, and flowers. Moss Arctic Tundra Plants Rock Willow • Rock willow likes cold climates, which makes the tundra a perfect place for it. Bearberry • Is a very useful plant. All parts of it can be used in some way. The fruit can be eaten and cooked with other foods. Arctic Tundra Plants Caribou Moss • Grows in arctic and northern regions around the world. • It can survive for long periods of time without water. Alpine Tundra Plants Because trees cannot grow at high altitudes most of the alpine tundra plants • consist of shrubbery and small leafy plants Alpine Phacelia Alpine Tundra Plants Wild Potatoes • These Potatoes can have four different colored skins, reddishbrown, brown, white or pink. It can be cultivated and eaten. Pygmy Bitteroot • Is a low growing perennial with long, skinny, fat leaves that are about 4 inches long. Arctic Animals Arctic Fox Caribou Grizzly bear Arctic Animals Snowy owl Ermine Alpine Animals Vicuña Snow leopard Alpaca Alpine Animals Chinchilla Mountain goat Summary Characteristics of Tundra • • • • • • Extremely cold climate Low biotic diversity Simple vegetation structure Limitation of drainage Short season of growth and reproduction Large population oscillations Conclusion Arctic tundra Alpine tundra • Is not a useless and cold wasteland • Its nature makes the environment very fragile • Many plants and animals have made their home incredibly to its short summer and cold, long winters