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The following are covered from the Utah State core in this lesson: Objective 2: Relate energy sources and transformation to the effects on Earth systems. 1. Describe the effect of solar energy on the determination of weather. 2. Explain how uneven heating at the equator and polar regions creates atmospheric currents that move heat energy around Earth. 3. Describe the Coriolis effect and its role in global wind patterns. 4. Relate how weather patterns are the result of interactions among air currents, and topography. Wind is caused by uneven heating of Earth and its atmosphere. Wind is air moving from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Identify the areas that have warm and cold air. Which area has the most dense air? Cold Air Warm Air Which sides have high and low air pressures? Cold Air Dense Air Warm Air Less Dense Air What is the rule for atmospheric pressure reaching equilibrium? Cold Air Dense Air High Air Pressure Warm Air Less Dense Air Low Air Pressure Which way will the air molecules begin to move? Cold Air Dense Air High Air Pressure Warm Air Less Dense Air Low Air Pressure When will the air movement stop? Cold Air Dense Air High Air Pressure Warm Air Less Dense Air Low Air Pressure The atmosphere is now at equlibrium. The movement of air is called ____? wind Cold Air Dense Air High Air Pressure Warm Air Less Dense Air Low Air Pressure A B C Which area receives direct sunlight (A, B, or C)? The poles always receive indirect sunlight (light hits at an angle). The equator always receives direct sunlight. Cold Air Convection Current Convection Current Warm Air Warm Air Convection Current Convection Current Cold Air Coriolis Effect: Winds, and weather patterns curve due to Earth’s rotation. CONVECTION CURRENT DAYTIME LP WIND DIRECTION SEA BREEZE CONVECTION CURRENT HP CONVECTION CURRENT NIGHTTIME HP WIND DIRECTION LAND BREEZE CONVECTION CURRENT LP Warm air rises upslope during the daytime. Cool air sinks downslope during the nighttime. From what you have just learned about wind in valleys, where should these firefighters approach the fire and why? When land is intensely hot, the wet monsoon winds blow from the ocean onto the land bringing rain. When the sun is no longer shining directly over the land, the air above the ocean has a lower air pressure. Dry winds flow from the land out over the ocean, bringing the dry season.