Download Temperature Range

Warm up: How does topography affect winds
Exit: describe a mediterranean climate
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Essential Question
Homework
Page 536 Vocabulary – define term and give one
fact – due 3/13
Page 528 review – due 3/11
Page 535 review – due 3/12
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Terms Section 26.1
Define and write sentences
1. Temperature range
2. Specific heat
3. Monsoons
4. Foehn
5. Chinooks
6. Mistral
7. bora
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50 Year Climate Change
Rohne Glacier
1850 - 1900
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Explain how latitude determines the
amount of solar energy received on the
Earth.
Lecture 26.1
Factors that Affect Climate
What is the difference between weather and
climate?


Climate is the averaged weather patterns over a
region that occur over many years
Weather is the weather patterns over a given region
during a few hours or days
How does latitude determine the amount of
solar energy received on the earth?
Which heats faster: Land or water? Why?
What is topography and how does topography
affect climate?
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What factors does climate describe?
Temperature Range: the difference between
the highest and lowest temperatures of a
month
Precipitation: The average amount of rainfall
an area can acquire over a year
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Effect of latitude
Latitude determines

the amount of solar energy-INSOLATION - received
INSOLATION – INcoming SOLar radiATION

INSOLATION depends on the following two factors:
Angle of the sun's rays strike a given region determined by


LATITUDE
ANGLE OF THE EARTH’S TILT
The number of hours of sunlight the region receives
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INSOLATION

the prevailing winds (i.e. Trade Winds at the equator or
Westerlies at the middle latitudes)
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Equatorial
Earth receives approximately
the same number of hours of
daylight per year -- namely,
half a year of full daylight. At
the equator, this is delivered
in bits and pieces, at the rate
of exactly half a day, every
single day, throughout the
year.
There is no winter in tropical
climates.
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Mid - latitude
the temperate zone is found
between 60 and 30 degrees
latitude, the average amount
of precipitation is about the
same throughout the
temperate zones.
Though it still averages 12
hours a day annually , a
winter day can be as short
as 4 hours
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Poles
Polar climates have no
summer. the average
temperature does not
rise above 10 degrees
C. There is little
precipitation in the polar
zones.
At the poles, daylight is
delivered all at once
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Chapter 26.1 notes
Heat Absorption and
Release
Land heats faster


Land does not shift quickly
Water is always changing,
waves and currents bring
up deep water
Land also heats faster
with less energy

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Water also holds onto the
heat longer because the
surface is more affected
by evaporation.
Chapter 26.1 notes
Ocean currents
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Air is influenced by the
ocean currents it comes in
contact with.
The warm water of the
Atlantic helps keep Europe
warmer then it should be at
it’s latitude, Westerlies
The east coast of the
United States does not get
this benefit because these
same winds push the air
south
Wind Patterns
Global winds: Weather conditions – humidity,
precipitation, temperature, and cloud cover.
Equatorial belt – low pressure area, heavy
precipitation decreasing as you move north and
south.
20 to 30 degrees – high pressure belt,
subtropical, dry and warm.
45 to 60 degrees – warm and cold air mix,
increased precipitation.
Above 60 degrees – cold and dry
Changing seasons – wind shifts with the
seasons.
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Chapter 26.1 notes
Seasonal Winds
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Caused by the difference in
temperature between land
and oceans.
In summer land heats
quickly and causes the air
to rise, pull cool air in from
the oceans. Can be wet
In winter the land cools
quickly causing the air to
sink and move toward the
oceans. Can be dry
These winds are called
Monsoons
Chapter 26.1 notes
Topography
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Is the shape of the land and it’s
elevation above the oceans.
As air rise up mountains it will lose
moisture and cool
As air descends down a mountain
it warms and is dry.
Foehn is a warm dry that flows
down from the Alps.
Chinooks flow down the east side
of the Rockies.
Mistral is a cold dry wind from the
Alps
Bora blows from Greece and
Balkans toward the Adriatic Sea
Terms Section 26.2
Define and write sentences
1. Tropical climates
2. Polar climates
3. Middle-latitude
climates
4. Tropical rain forest
5. Tropical desert
6. Tropical savanna
7. Subarctic climate
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8. Tundra climate
9. Marine west-coast
climate
10. Mediterranean climate
11. Middle-latitude desert
12. Middle-latitude steppe
climate
13. Humid continental
climate
14. Humid subtropical
climate
Essential Question
I will be able to name and explain
the different types of climates.
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Notes Section 26.2
Name and describe the three types of tropical climates
2.
Climate
Zones
 Tropical Climates
• Tropical rain forest climate
 Located near the equator
 Rainfall 250 cm plus
 Temperature range 3 degrees Celsius
 Example Amazon river basin
• Tropical desert climate
 20 to 30 degrees N and S of equator
 Warm sinking dry tropical air mass
 Rainfall less than 25 cm
• Tropical savanna climate
 Savannas border rain forest
 Rainfall is seasonal and in the Summer
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Notes Section 26.2
Compare subarctic and tundra climates
2. Polar
climates
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• Subarctic climate
 Location 55 to 65 degrees N
latitude
 25 to 50 cm of precipitation a year
 Cold winters and short Summers
 Some of the largest temperature
ranges
• Tundra climate
 No trees
 N of arctic circle
 Warmest days 4 degrees Celsius
 Precipitation of 25 cm a year
Notes Section 26.2

Middlelatitude
climates
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o Marine west-coast climate
o 40 to 60 N latitude
o Mountains cause rainfall on coastline
o 60 to 150 cm of precipitation
o Temperature range of 13 degrees
Celsius
o Mediterranean climate
o 30 to 40 degrees N latitude
o Dry Summers and wet Winters
o Summer dry winds
o Summer range 21 degrees Celsius
o Winter range 14 degrees Celsius
Notes Section 26.2
o
Middle-latitude desert & steppe climates
o
o
o
o
2 types of dry climate, between 35 and 50 degrees north
Most of western US gets less than 25 cm of rain (desert), winters are
cold: summer hot to warm: shrubs and cacti.
Precipitation of 25 to 50 cm, dense grass, temperature of 25 degrees
Celsius in the summer and winter -1 degrees, great plains and rocky
mountains
Humid continental climate
o
o
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Start at central US in the North and move to the east, both CP and MT
air masses affect the weather.
Summer hot (25 C) and humid, winter cold (-5C), violent weather
changes due to these mixing air masses, and a temperature range of
30 degrees Celsius.
Notes Section 26.2
o
Humid subtropical climate
o
o
o
Southeastern regions between 30 and 40 degrees north
and south.
Warm moist summers with humidity (27 C), heavy rains
and hurricanes, winter can have extreme cold for brief
periods (10 C), temperature range of 17 C and 75 to 165
cm of precipitation.
Local climates
o
o
o
Can be affected by elevations, lakes, forest and
mountains.
Cities can be 1 to 2 degrees warmer, less vegetation, and
populations cause this increase.
More pollutants in the air cause more clouds and rainfall.
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