Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
….A Tricky Business Overview 1. Terrain Factors 2. Turbulence 3. Normal Weather Patterns Terrain Factors The presence of mountain ranges change the characteristics of a front. As air masses enter the United States the mountains cause them to rise. Along many seacoasts there is a breeze from the sea by day. This moist, relatively cool air rises and heats as it passes across land. Convectional clouds form and bring afternoon showers. (Gulf Coast) Mountain Wave Turbulence Altimeter An altimeter is essentially a barometer measuring air pressure returning altitude influenced by: Temperature Pressure Fronts Turbulence Thermal Turbulence • Intense surface heating causes convection currents. • More intense convection currents occur over dark-colored ground. • Less convection currents will be over light-colored ground. • Because velocity varies turbulent conditions are expected. Turbulence Thermal Turbulence • Presents the biggest problem for aviators during landing. • To eliminate during normal flight, climb above clouds. • When cumulus clouds are present, convection currents and thermal turbulence exists. Turbulence Mechanical Turbulence - Low Level • Results from strong wind gusts over rough terrain or manmade features. • Produces turbulent eddies below 500 feet. Turbulence Mechanical Turbulence - Wake Turbulence • Caused by aircraft flying through air. • Presents a major hazard to another aircraft following too close. • Most hazardous during landings and takeoffs. Turbulence Wind Shear - Low Level Wind Shear (LLWS) • Occurs below 10,000 feet. • Primarily caused by frontal systems, low level jet streams and thunderstorms. • Occurs rapidly. Turbulence Wind shear - Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) • Occurs above 15,000 feet. • Not restricted to clear skies. • Turbulence occurs in vicinity of upper level jetstream. Climatic Provinces Normal Weather Patterns Hawaii • Two major factors determine weather. Dramatic heights and contours of land areas. Prevailing northeast trade winds. • Pleasant temperatures. • Little distinctions between summer and winter. Normal Weather Patterns Alaska • Has several different kinds of weather. • No great extremes in southern part of state. • Arctic slope lies in northern part of state. • Broad valley and low mountain ranges. Continental weather. Temperatures from -70o F in winter to 90o F in summer. Summary 1. Terrain Factors 2. Turbulence 3. Normal Weather Patterns