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Earth’s Weather Patterns Atmosphere Weather Severe Storms Miscellaneous 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 Weight of air pressing down on a unit of area. Air Pressure What is the atmosphere? Layers of air that surround Earth. Which layer of the atmosphere is the warmest? thermosphere What are the two main gases in the atmosphere? Nitrogen – 78% Oxygen – 21% Why do the regions near the equator tend to be warmer than the poles? The sun’s energy is concentrated on a smaller region at the equator. The boundary between two air masses that collide. front The average of all weather conditions in an area over a period of time. Climate The ratio of the actual amount of water vapor in the air to the total amount of water vapor the air could contain at that temperature. Relative Humidity What would we call an air mass that formed over the northernmost part of the Pacific Ocean? Maritime Polar Why does water vapor in the atmosphere vary in different places? Air at different temperatures holds different amounts of water Forms when winds rotate violently tornadoes Starts as a tropical depression. Occurs when the wind speeds reach at least 74 miles per hour. Hurricanes Forms when warm, humid air rises rapidly. Thunderstorm Form from differences in air pressure. Blizzards El Niño occurs every 3 to 7 years. What happens to the surface water in order for El Niño to occur? Warming of the surface water Scientist that studies weather conditions meteorologist Prediction about the weather forecast What clouds would you most likely see during fair weather? Cirrus clouds What affects most of the weather in the United States? Prevailing westerlies Why can meteorologists make predictions about hurricanes? Hurricanes take days to form and can last days. Tie Breaker Name three factors that influence climate. Winds, oceans, humans