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WINDS Responsible for triggering the initial movement of air. CORIOLIS EFFECT SHIFT IN WIND DIRECTION DUE TO EARTH’S ROTATION What happens if pressure is the same? No wind! Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences Local Winds Land breeze Sea breeze LOCAL WINDS Uneven heating of land vs water SEA BREEZE LAND BREEZE Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences Local Winds Seasonal Windsover bigger region (ex-SE Asia) Land breeze Sea breeze monsoon MONSOONS SEASONAL WINDS Similar to land and sea breeze bit occur over a wider area Philippines Northeast Monsoon (cold and wet) Southwest Monsoon (dry) Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences Global/Planetary Winds Local Winds Seasonal Windsover bigger region (ex-SE Asia) Land breeze Sea breeze monsoon GLOBAL WINDS UNEQUAL HEATING equater vs. poles results in GLOBAL PATTERN OF AIR CIRCULATION http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp ctive_art/global_winds/index.html Jet Stream Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences Up In Atmosphere Global/Planetary Winds Local Winds Seasonal Windsover bigger region (ex-SE Asia) Land breeze Sea breeze monsoon Trade Winds On Surface Polar Prevailing Easterlies Westerlies TRADE WINDS ON SURFACE: AIR MOVING BACK TO THE EQUATOR FORMING A BELT OF WARM, STEADY WINDS PREVAILING WESTERLIES ON SURFACE 40-60 degrees Latitude (West to East) Strong Winds POLAR EASTERLIES ON SURFACE COLD BUT WEAK WINDS EAST TO WEST JET STREAMS “rivers of air" IN ATMOSPHERE (ABOVE 12 KMS) 180-350 Km/Hr (speed) Jet Stream Earth’s Winds- due to uneven heating pressure differences Up In Atmosphere Global/Planetary Winds Local Winds Seasonal Winds- over bigger region (ex-SE Asia) Land breeze Sea breeze Trade Winds On Surface Polar Prevailing Easterlies Westerlies NO Winds monsoon Doldrums Horse Latitudes DOLDRUMS ON SURFACE CALM/ NO WINDS AT EQUATOR (0 degrees latitude) HORSE LATITUDES ON SURFACE 30 degrees North and South of Equator Warm air cools and sink; clear skies; winds are calm http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp ctive_art/global_winds/index.html CORIOLIS EFFECT SHIFT IN WIND DIRECTION DUE TO EARTH’S ROTATION As air moves from high to low pressure: in north, air deflected right/counterclockwise in the south, air is deflected left/clockwise hurricanes/typhoons and tornadoes spin COUNTER-CLOCKWISE in NORTH Flushing Toilets on the Equator Myth or Real: Toilets flushed in the northern hemisphere apparently spin to the right, in the southern hemisphere myththe water spins left - this is supposedly caused by the Coriolis effect. And on the equator? It's a straight shot down. BREAK TIME • One big/important idea or fact • Stand up • Share with 3 people So how do we get differences in pressure? All factors making Low density & low pressure 1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air. REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE UNEQUAL HEATING OF AIR DIFFERENCES IN DENSITY DIFFERENCE IN AIR PRESSURE EX) HOT temp (LESS dense)=>LOW P COLD temp (MORE dense)=>HIGH P TEMPERATURE AND AIR PRESSURE LESS AIR PRESSURE HEAT Air molecules move faster and expand Air RISES less dense All factors making Low density low pressure 1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air. 2) humidity: Moist air is less dense than dry air. REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE More water vapor means less air molecules Less dense = LOW AIR PRESSURE DRY AIR more dense = HIGH AIR PRESSURE All factors making Low density low pressure 1) temp: Warm air is less dense than cool air. 2) humidity: Moist airis less dense than dry air. 3) elevation: Air at high altitudes (mountains) is less dense than air at lower altitudes. REMEMBER THE OPPOSITE IS ALSO TRUE Air at high altitudes is more spread out = less dense than air at lower altitudes. Measuring Air Pressure Air Pressure is measured by an instrument called Barometer 2 Main Types of Barometer Mercury Barometer Aneroid (spring) Air pressure increases, column of mercury rises VIDEO: Why use mercury? Air pressure decreases, column of mercury drops Video (minute 2): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGBMCqBoSE&feature=related Break time • Think of one fact you learned from the video or what you found interesting • Stand up • Form groups based on the same idea CLOUDS TYPES OF CLOUDS CLOUD FORMATION 1) WATER VAPOR (gas) rising (need heat to cause evaporation) 2) CONDENSATION NUCLEI (smoke, dust, pollution) 3)LOW TEMPERATURE for condensation (liquid) to occur MOISTURE CONDENSES ON SMALL PARTICLES OF DUST/ SOLIDS IN THE AIR CONDENSATION WATER VAPOR CHANGES INTO LIQUID (need cold temp) DEW POINT TEMPERATURE AT WHICH water vapor CONDENSES Source: http://www.vivoscuola.it/US/RSIGPP3202/umidita/lezioni/form.htm Air Pressure & Weather TEMPERATURE AND AIR PRESSURE LESS AIR PRESSURE HEAT What happens when air rises? Air molecules move faster and expand Air RISES less dense Low pressure generally means cloudy, rainy weather Warm air rises, clouds form High pressure generally means fair weather Layer of Air Warm, =No clouds moist air cannot rise Weather map High Pressure System: Indicates clear, calm conditions with reduced chance of precipitation. DRY and COLDER air Low pressure system: Increased cloudiness, winds, higher temperatures, and chance of precipitation. Frost Formation • Cold temperature causes water vapor (gas) to instantly freeze (solid) • Skips liquid phase (never wet) • Salt helped to make colder When condensed water gathers into drops that are heavy enough, precipitation occurs Source: http://www.vivoscuola.it/US/RSIGPP3202/umidita/lezioni/form.htm Cloud droplets PRECIPITATION Ice Snow Hurricanes/Typhoons/Cyclones & Tornadoes Hurricanes/typhoons/cycloneswhat’s in a name? LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/ HOW? hurricanes/typhoons and tornadoes spin COUNTER-CLOCKWISE in NORTH H H H H http://edition.cnn .com/2011/US/0 4/28/severe.wea ther/index.html? hpt=T2 http://edition.cn n.com/2011/US /04/27/tornado. outbreak/index. html?hpt=T1 Experts: Severe weather across South could set tornado record Including yesterday's storm, there have been a whopping 800 reports of tornadoes in April, easily surpassing April 2003's all-time record of 543 twisters. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/20 11/04/28/us/map-of-the-tornadoesacross-the-south.html http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_thelookout/ 20110428/ts_yblog_thelookout/watchtuscaloosas-terrifying-tornado Yahoo video clips Tornadoes Song: http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=iOw6 ONcKk4g