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CHAPTER
7
Biodiversity and Conservation
Brainstorm!
Estimate how many different types of
species are on earth, including
plants, animals, fungi, and
microorganisms.
Scientists have
identified 1.7 to 2
million species to
date.
HOWEVER,
scientists estimate
the total number of
species on earth is
between 3 million to
100 million!!!
Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life
There are more known species of insects
than any other form of life. Among known
insect species, 40% are beetles.
Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life
Biodiversity
• Describes the variety of life across all levels of ecological
organization
• Includes three types:
1. Ecosystem diversity
2. Species diversity
3. Genetic diversity
Genetic Diversity
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life
Ecosystem Diversity
• The number and variety of ecosystems in a given area
Brainstorm: List the ecosystems
found in Florida. Does Florida
have a high Ecosystem Diversity?
Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life
Species Diversity
• The number or variety of species in a given area
Speciation increases biodiversity!
Extinction decreases biodiversity!
Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life
Genetic Diversity
• The differences in DNA among individuals within a species
• The more genetic diversity in a population, the better the
chance for survival because it provides the raw materials for
adaptation
Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life
Lab: How genetically diverse is
1C-310??
1. Work with your table.
2. To find percentage, take the number in the
first column (Group Results) and divide it
by the second column (Group Total).
EXAMPLE: 2 people have curly hair / 4 people in
the group = 50%
Lesson 7.1 Our Planet of Life
Other Benefits of Biodiversity
• Agriculture: Wild strains are crossbred with related crops to transfer
beneficial traits.
The yew tree, an original source of
Taxol, a cancer-fighting drug
Did You Know? Of the
150 most prescribed drugs
in the United States,
118 originated in nature.
• Medicine: Organisms contain
compounds that are useful for
treating disease.
• Ecotourism: Environmentally
responsible tourism is a source of
income for many nations.
Lesson 7.2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Causes of Biodiversity Loss
• Habitat change and loss
• Invasive species
• Pollution
• Overharvesting
Siberian tiger
Lesson 7.2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Habitat Change and Loss
• Greatest cause of biodiversity loss
• Organisms, adapted to their habitat, decline in
population when the habitat changes.
• Habitat fragmentation: Patches of suitable
habitat surrounded by unsuitable habitat
• In general, larger habitat fragments can support
greater biodiversity than smaller fragments.
Did You Know? Habitat change or destruction
is the primary cause of population decline in
more than 80% of threatened birds and
mammals.
Lesson 7.2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Invasive Species, Pollution, and
Overharvesting
• Invasive species can out-compete
and displace native species.
• Harmful chemicals and materials
that make their way into habitats can
poison people and wildlife.
• Occasionally, species can be driven
toward extinction by hunting or
overharvesting by humans.
Examples include Siberian tigers
and passenger pigeons.
Once common in North America, the passenger
pigeon is now extinct.
Lesson 7.2 Extinction and Biodiversity Loss
Climate Change
• Increasingly becoming a factor in biodiversity loss
• Unlike the other factors, climate change will have a potentially
global effect on biodiversity.
Did You Know? Scientists
predict that a 1.5–2.5C
global temperature increase
could put 20–30% of plant
and animal species at
increased risk of extinction.
Ways to Protect
Biodiversity
Ways to Protect
Biodiversity
Single Species Approach
Ecosystem Approach
Ways to Protect
Biodiversity
Single Species Approach
Captive
Breeding
Programs
Cloning
Species
Survival Plan
Ecosystem Approach
Ways to Protect
Biodiversity
Single Species Approach
Captive
Breeding
Programs
Ecosystem Approach
Wildlife
Corridors
Cloning
Biodiversity
Hotspots
Species
Survival Plan
Economic
Approaches
Lesson 7.3 Protecting Biodiversity
Just 2.3% of the planet’s land surface
is home to 50% of the world’s plant
species and 42% of its vertebrate
animal species.
Lesson 7.3 Protecting Biodiversity
Biodiversity Hotspots
• The “hotspot approach” focuses
attention on areas where the
greatest number of species can
be protected with the least effort.
• Hotspots have:
• At least 1500 plant species found
nowhere else in the world
• Already lost 70% of their habitat as
a result of human activity
• The 34 biodiversity hotspots are
home to 50% of Earth’s plant
species and 42% of terrestrial
vertebrate species.
Northern Pintail ducks, Honshu, Japan
Japan is one of the world’s biodiversity
hotspots.
Lesson 7.3 Protecting Biodiversity
Biodiversity Hotspots
Lesson 7.3 Protecting Biodiversity
Biodiversity Hotspots Glogster
Go to www.biodiversityhotspots.org
Make a glogster and include the following information:
1. Location of the hotspot and type of ecosystems found
there.
2. Describe at least one endemic plant species and one
animal species found there
3. Describe the socio-economic conditions (pre-industrial,
transitional, industrial, post-industrial)
4. Human induced and/or natural reasons why species
biodiversity is decreasing in that region
5. What is being done to protect this hotspot
6. Any interesting information you found about the area (AKA
your choice!)
7. LOTS of pictures and color!!