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th
7
Grade
Life Science Notes
Spring 2016
Mr. Click
Notes- 1/7/16
1) evolution- the process through which species
change over time.
2) Jean Baptiste de Lamarck- a French scientist,
who in the early 1800s, was the first to
propose a model of how life evolves.
3) Charles Darwin- a British naturalist, whose
studies and publications during the 1800s led
to the modern theory of evolution and on
how new species are formed.
Chunk p. 177-189
• Read the passage, COPY the question, and then answer
the question.
• Chunk 1- p. 177-178- What is evolution?
• Chunk 2- p. 179-180- What is a difference Darwin
observed in the finches on the island?
• Chunk 3- p. 181- What is the difference between
artificial selection and natural selection?
• Chunk 4- p. 182- What term describes an inherited trait
that gives an organism an advantage in its
environment?
• Chunk 5- p. 184-185- What is speciation and what is a
key factor that can lead to speciation?
• Chunk 6- p. 188- first paragraph p. 189- How do
scientists support theories?
Chunk p. 177-189
• Read the passage, COPY the question, and
then answer the question.
• Chunk 1- p. 177-178- What is evolution?
Answer- Evolution is the process through
which species change over time.
• Chunk 2- p. 179-180- What is a difference
Darwin observed in the finches on the island?
Answer- He observed that the finches had
different shaped and sized beaks.
Chunk p. 177-189 continued
• Chunk 3- p. 181- What is the difference
between artificial selection and natural
selection?
Answer- Artificial selection occurs when
humans select desired traits in species and
allow them to continue while natural selection
is when a species survives and thrives
naturally.
Chunk p. 177-189 continued
• Chunk 4- p. 182- What term describes an
inherited trait that gives an organism an
advantage in its environment?
Answer- adaptation is when a trait is inherited
that gives an organism an advantage in its
environment.
• Chunk 5- p. 184-185- What is speciation and what
is a key factor that can lead to speciation?
Answer- Speciation is the evolution of a new
species from an existing species. Isolation by
geographical or other barriers can cause it.
Chunk p. 177-189 continued
• Chunk 6- p. 188- first paragraph p. 189- How
do scientists support theories?
Answer- fossil, biological, and genetic
evidence are used to support theories
including the theory of evolution
“Natural Selection” p. 183
• Copy and Answer the following questions from the
“Natural Selection visual on p. 183
1) What causes a variation?
2) How does the adaptation enable the salmon to survive
better than others?
3) How does the adaptation become common in the next
generation?
Answers:
1) a mutation
2) It can swim faster, so it escapes predators and can spawn
3) Salmon with the adaptation reproduce
Differences Between Species-p. 210
EX: Comparing the cells of two species, scientists
find 40 percent of the DNA is identical. How
can you show what fraction that is?
1) Rewrite the percent as a numerator with a
denominator of 100.
2) Reduce the fraction. Use the greatest
common factor (GCF) to write the numerator
and the denominator as products.
3) Divide the GCF by itself to get 1/1, or 1
ANSWER:
Differences Between Species-p. 210
REWRITE each sentence, changing the PERCENT to a
FRACTION.
1) About 85 percent of the DNA in human cells is
similar to the DNA in mouse cells.
2) The tooth of a modern great white shark can be 34
percent of the length of a fossil tooth from a
prehistoric shark.
3) There are about 20 percent as many penguin
species as there are pine tree species in the world
today.
4) There are about 8 percent as many bear species as
pine tree species.
Notes- 1/8/16
4) natural selection- idea that members of a
species that are best suited to their
environment survive and reproduce at a
higher rate than other members of the
species.
5) adaptation- any inherited trait that gives an
organism an advantage in its particular
environment.
6) speciation- the evolution of a new species
from an existing species after being isolated
from one another.
Natural Selection Lab
BACKGROUND
COLORS
BLUE
# at start
#after 1st
predation
# after 1st
reproduction
#after 2nd
predation
# after 2nd
reproduction
#after 3rd
predation
TAN
GREEN
YELLOW
PINK
Natural Selection Lab
• Fill in the chart by following the procedure.
Fill in what BACKGROUND YOU HAVE ON
YOUR DATA TABLE.
CONCLUSION QUESTIONS
• BE SURE TO NUMBER YOUR ANSWERS
CORRECTLY
• You DO NOT have to copy the questions.
• Answer #1 (Parts a, b & c), 2, 3, and 4
Natural Selection Lab- Conclusion Questions
1. Study your survivor populations.
a) Was 1 color of paper chip represented more than others in the first
generation of survivors? _____
b) Were shades of that color or similar colors also present? ______
c) What, if any, change occurred between the 1st and 2nd, and again
between the 2nd and 3rd generation of survivors?
2. Compare the original and survivor populations. Is there any color
from the original population that is NOT represented in the survivor
population? _____ If so, what color (or colors)?
3. Examine your survivor chips and the fabric from which you took
them. How do you think the colors of the survivors are related to
their habitat?
4. Write a conclusion as to which colors survived in the habitat and
which did not, and why. How does this model natural selection?
Notes-1/12/16
7) Six Characteristics of Living Things
1) All living things have cellular
organization.
This means 2 things:
1. They have at least 1 cell (remember
some things are unicellular)
2. If they are multicellular their cells
work together
2) Living things exchange gases with the
environment (breathing)
Notes- Notes- 1/7/15- NOTE 1 Cont.
3) All living things use energy
- Heterotrophs- eat food to obtain their energy.
- Autotrophs- convert energy from the sun to
obtain energy
4) All living things respond to the environment.
- Homeostasis- The process by which
an organism responds to its internal or
external environment
5) All living things grow and develop.
6) All living things reproduce to survive.
Notes- 1/12/16
8) classification- the process of arranging
organisms into groups based on
similarities
9) taxonomy – the science of naming and
classifying organisms.
Instructions- Chunk p. 211-218
• Take turns reading the chunk aloud as a group.
Each student should take a turn reading a chunk
aloud for your peers. If someone struggles with a
word, help them, instead of mocking them.
• After reading each chunk, discuss the answer and
decide on the correct one together as a group.
When deciding on an answer, make sure everyone
in the group agrees and sees what evidence you
have to support your answer from the text.
• Record your answer on your own paper.
1/13/16-Chunk p. 211-218
Read the passage, COPY the question, and then
answer the question.
- Chunk 1- p. 211- What characteristic did
Linnaeus use to group species?
- Chunk 2- p. 212- What do the words
“binomial” and “nomenclature” literally
mean?
- Chunk 3- p. 213- Which name of a scientific
name comes second?
Chunk p. 211-218
- Chunk 4- p. 214- What is the highest level
and most specific levels of classification?
- Chunk 5- First two paragraphs of p. 216Which level of classification in the seven
level system includes the most species?
- Chunk 6- Bottom 4 paragraphs of p. 216p. 218- What two tools have taxonomists
developed to identify organisms?
Notes- 1/14/16
10) Carolus Linnaeus – Swedish scientist who
developed a system for naming organisms.
11) binomial nomenclature – system for identifying
organisms by their genus and species name, also
known as the scientific name.
-Always capitalize the genus name and leave the
species name lowercase.
Example: Homo sapiens
- If the scientific name cannot be written in italics,
then it must be underlined.
Notes- 1/15/16
12) 7 Levels of Organization (largest to smallest)
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
THINK-WRITE-PAIR-SHARE
• Create your own phrase to help you
remember the seven levels of classification in
order from highest to lowest levels.
• KPCOFGS
Notes- 1/15/16
13) The 6 Kingdoms are grouped into 3 larger
groups called Domains.
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
Bacteria
Bacteria
Archaea
Archaea
Protista
Eukarya
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Dichotomous Key – p. 217
Copy and Answer the following questions
using the Dichotomous Key on p. 217
1) How many choices are you given for
each characteristic?
2) What characteristics in the key are used
to identify the tree?
3) What is the identity of the tree shown in
the picture? How do you know?
Dichotomous Key – p. 217
ANSWERS:
1) Two
2) # of veins on the leaf, teeth or lobes,
bristle or no bristle on the leaf tip,
shape of the leaf, veins that end in
teeth, or more teeth than side veins.
3) Apple; all of the questions answered
directed you to the apple leaf on the
key.
Notes- 1/19/16
14) Dichotomous key- a tool used to identify
organisms by asking a series of questions that can
be answered in only two ways.
POP QUIZ: What are the seven levels of classification
from highest to lowest, in order?
After completing the Dichotomous Key WS, go to:
http://www.uwsp.edu/cnrap/leaf/Pages/TreeKey/treeToIdentify.aspx?feature=
Main
And use a dichotomous key to identify some trees.