Download Chapter 1 Notes (Intro to Biology).

Chapter 1
The Scope of Biology
Applied Biology
Mrs. Musselman
What makes something “Living”?
How do you know that a sunflower is a
living thing??? Make a list!
Hint:
– What makes you living?
• Need Energy? How does a plant get it???
• There are many more!!!
What makes something “Living”?
There are 6 characteristics of a living things!
(“All or None” system)
All living things are:
1. Made of cells
– “building blocks of life”
2. Use energy
– Plants use the sun energy (sunlight) to make their
own food (producers)
– Animals get energy by eating plants or other
animals (consumers)
Characteristic of Living Things (cont.)
3. Have features to help them adapt to their surroundings
– Camouflage, blend in with surroundings, ability to store
water
4. React to changes in their surroundings
– Living things react to stimuli (light, sounds, etc.)
5. Change / develop during their lifetimes
– Changes in appearance or size (growth)
6. Reproduce
– Produce more organisms of their own kind
Biology: Global to Microscopic Scale
Organizational Levels of Life:
Biosphere/Earth (biggest!)
Ecosystem
Organism
Cells
DNA & Genes
Biosphere
• AKA Earth
• Includes all parts of the planet
– Bodies of water
– Land
– Atmosphere (several kilometers high)
Ecosystem
Area that includes all the living things
and non-living features in an
environment
• Example
– Woodland Ecosystem (includes trees,
plants, squirrels, sunlight, water, air)
• Variety all over the earth!!
Organism
Individual living things
– Large – elephant, squirrel, ant
– Microscopic – can’t be seen with human eye.
Ex. Bacteria
FYI: Interactions between all organisms of a
community make ecosystems a dynamic
(constantly changing) place.
Warm-Up
How could you prove to someone
that a frog is alive?
Hint: There are 6 Things!!!!!
Cells
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Life’s smallest unit of structure
Microscopic
Control center = nucleus
Cell Theory
1. Life’s basic units of structure and function
2. Cells come from pre-existing cells
3. All organisms are made of one or more cells
DNA & Genes
Contain inheritable information
• Responsible for passing off traits to
offspring (ex. Eye color)
• Found in the nucleus of the cell
• Genes are the building blocks of DNA
Biology Explores Life’s Diversity
Species Diversity
Classification
3 Domains of Life
– Eukarya
– Archaea
– Bacteria
SPECIES - A Distinct form of life that can
reproduce with each other
FYI: New species found daily ( ~1.5 million total)
Species diversity – variety of species in a
given area
Example: The Tropical Rain Forest has MANY
different species (thousands insects, plants,
animals)…thus it has high species diversity
Take a guess!
How many MARINE (ocean) species of fish
are there on the Earth?
And the Answer is…
According to:
ScienceDaily (Oct. 24,
2003) there was about
20,000 species of
marine fish.
Just for Fun: Check out all these newly found species of starfish!
Totally Cool Starfish!
CLASSIFICATION
A system of putting organisms in
categories based on similar
characteristics.
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1. How could I classify these animals?
Duck
Crab
Shark
Whale
Butterfly
Lion
Alligator
Spider
Grizzly bear
Squirrel
WALK
FLY
SWIM
3 DOMAINS OF LIFE
Domain – broadest category in classifying life forms
1. Eukarya
2. Bacteria
3. Archaea
The Breakdown!!
LIFE
3 Domains
EUKARYA
PLANTS
ANIMALS
BACTERIA
PROTISTS
ARCHAEA
FUNGI
Warm-Up
1. Put the levels of biological organization in order
from largest to smallest:
Cells
DNA & Genes
Biosphere
Organism
Ecosystem
2. What are the 3 Domains (groups) that ALL living
things can be classified into?
The Breakdown!!
LIFE
3 Domains
EUKARYA
PLANTS
ANIMALS
BACTERIA
PROTISTS
ARCHAEA
FUNGI
Eukaryotic Vs Prokaryotic
Organisms
Eukaryotic Organisms
• Complex organisms
• In Domain Eukarya
• Multicellular (many-celled)
• Cells contain a Nucleus!
Prokaryotic Organisms
• Simple organisms
• In Domains Bacteria & Archaea
• Unicellular (1-celled)
• NO Nucleus in cell!
Domain Eukarya
– Multicellular & complex
– Eukaryotic organisms
– Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi
Domain Bacteria
– Single cell, simple, prokaryotic organisms
– Example: Streptococcus (bacteria that causes strep)
Archaea
– “Extreme” bacteria
– Live in (hot, salty, CRAZY) places