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Week of 9-16-13 Ms. Tate D110 Biology/Pre-AP International Scholars Academy Monday: 9-16-13 Objective: Analyze flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models ( food chains and webs, ecological pyramids); understand the carbon and nitrogen cycles and how they impact the environment Agenda: 1. Bell Ringer 6 (16L) 2. Cycles of Nature Notes (16R Carbon- 17L Nitrogen) 3. Continue with PBL ( day 3) Homework: Study for ecology test Thursday; complete Succession web activity ( due tomorrow) –(17R); Presentations this Friday ( day 5 of PBL)---EXTRA CREDIT WILL BE POSTED TODAY ON THE ANNOUNCEMENT PAGE!! The Carbon Cycle Carbon dioxide in the air Carbon dioxide in the air Green plants use carbon dioxide to make their food Carbon dioxide in the air Green plants use carbon dioxide to make their food Green plants are eaten by animals Carbon dioxide in the air respiration Green plants use carbon dioxide to make their food Green plants are eaten by animals carbon dioxide in the air respiration green plants use carbon dioxide to make their food green plants are eaten by animals dead remains of plants and animals carbon dioxide in the air respiration green plants use carbon dioxide to make their food green plants are eaten by animals dead remains of plants and animals decay by fungi and bacteria Decay Fungi and bacteria are responsible for the decay of dead organisms. Decay In order to be able to carry out decay, fungi and bacteria need: 1. Oxygen 2. Moisture 3. The correct temperature Carbon Cycle- Backside of sheet * Carbon EXISTS in abiotic environment as: 1. Carbon dioxide [CO2 (gas)] in the atmosphere dissolves in H2O to form HCO3 2. Carbonate rocks (limestone & coral = CaCO3) 3. Deposits of coal, petroleum, and natural gas derived from once living things 4. Dead organic matter (humus in the soil) * Carbon ENTERS biotic environment through: 1. Photosynthesis: changes light energy to chemical energy * Carbon RETURNS to atmosphere by: 1. Respiration CO2 2. Decomposition / Decay 3. Burning * Carbon Cycle and Humans: 1. Removal of photosynthesizing plants 2. Combustion of fossil fuels The Nitrogen Cycle nitrogen in the air nitrogen in the air fertilizers fertilizers nitrogen in the air fertilizers fertilizers waste substances e.g. faeces nitrogen in the air lightning fertilizers fertilizers waste substances e.g. faeces nitrogen in the air lightning fertilizers fertilizers waste substances e.g. faeces Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil nitrogen in the air lightning fertilizers fertilizers waste substances e.g. faeces Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules of clover nitrogen in the air lightning fertilizers fertilizers waste substances e.g. faeces Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil dead remains of plants and animals Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules of clover nitrogen in the air lightning fertilizers fertilizers waste substances e.g. faeces Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules of clover dead remains of plants and animals nitrates in the soil nitrogen in the air lightning fertilizers fertilizers waste substances e.g. faeces Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules of clover dead remains of plants and animals nitrates in the soil denitrifying bacteria in the soil break down nitrates The nitrogen cycle Living things need nitrogen to make protein. They can not use the nitrogen in the air The nitrogen in the air must be changed to nitrates before plants can use it. The nitrogen cycle Animals get their nitrogen by eating plants. The nitrogen cycle The roots of some plants (e.g. clover, pea & beans) have swellings called root nodules on them. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in these nodules change nitrogen in the air into nitrates. The nitrogen cycle The nitrogen-fixing bacteria are essential to maintain the fertility of the soil. Without them food yields would rapidly fall. NITROGEN CYCLE INFORMATION- backside of sheet * ~79% of air is N2 gas * N is essential to plants and animals * Plants and animals can’t use N2 gas * Usable N: ammonia (NH3) or nitrate (NO3) * Conversion of atmospheric N2 to NH3 and NO3 Nitrogen fixation 1. Aquatic ecosystems: blue-green algae 2. Terrestrial ecosystems: bacteria on root nodules of legumes (peas, beans, alfalfa, clover) 3. Lightening * Nitrogen RETURNS to soil by: 1. decomposition of once living things ammonifying bacteria + fungi 2. exists in soil as nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2), and ammonia (NH3) * Nitrogen returns to atmosphere by: 1. denitrifying bacteria Nitrogen Cycle and Humans: 1. Nitrogen required for genetic materials (DNA, RNA, amino acids) Tuesday 9-17-13 Due: Succession/ Story Maps Objective: Understand the difference between primary and secondary succession; understand relationships that occur within the ecosystem; understand carrying capacity and the limiting factors that effect it. Agenda: 1. Bell Ringer 7 (18 L) - as a class 2. Notes- ( 18R) 3. Independent Practice: Limiting Factors Homework: Study for exam Thursday!! Come to Open house, receive a free 100!! Bell Ringer 7- 18L Bell Ringer 7 Succession Different definitions: 1. The progressive replacement of one dominant type of species or community by another in an ecosystem until a stable climax community is established. 2. Changes which increase the community complexity over time 3. Succession is a series of changes that take place in a community as it gets older. 4. A somewhat regular progression of species replacement 2 type of succession: Primary and Secondary Primary : Succession that occurs where life has not existed before OR Succession that occurs on an area that never had life on it before. This can happen after a volcano forms a new island, a receding glacier exposes new rock, or a fire burns all vegetation and a new habitat is formed. Secondary : Succession that occurs in areas where there has been previous growth, such has a forest clearing or an abandoned field OR Succession where the community of plants that exists in an area is changed after a disturbance. Such changes include fires (including natural forest fires), floods, earthquakes, landslides, and such human caused phenomena as farming, logging, road building, and home or building construction. Pioneer Species The first organisms to live in a new habitat where soil is present tend to be small, fast growing plants, called pioneer species. Pioneer plants are the 1st plants that live in an area after a disturbance. Their seeds are carried to the area by the wind, by the action of water, or accidently in the guano (birdy poo) of birds or stuck to the feathers or fur of animals (remember some seeds have a sticky outer coats to help move them to new areas!). Pioneer plants arise more quickly during secondary succession because there is already soil present. Fight or Flight (18R) http://cmhc.utexas.edu/stressrecess/animations/fofmovie-start.swf 1. Based off the video give a definition for fight or flight 2. What body system is responsible for fight or flight? 3. Where have you seen fight or flight happen in nature? 4. Have you ever experienced or witnessed a fight or flight? Territorial Displays (18R) 1. Based off the video give a definition for territorial displays. 2. Where have you seen this take place in nature? 3. How have you displayed territorial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0Lw23yQFwQ displays? Circadian Rhythms (18R) 1. Based off the video give a definition for circadian rhythms. 2. How can circadian rhythms be used in nature? http://catchingsomezzz.wordpress.com/circ 3. How do animals use circadian rhythms? adian-rhythm/ Eutrophication Eutrophication is the enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical nutrients, typically compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorus, or both. Eutrophication can be a natural process in lakes, occurring as they age through geological time. Eutrophication was recognized as a pollution problem in European and North American lakes and reservoirs in the mid-20th century. Human activities can accelerate the rate at which nutrients enter ecosystems. Runoff from agriculture and development, pollution from septic systems and sewers, and other human-related activities increase the flux of both inorganic nutrients and organic substances into terrestrial, aquatic, and coastal marine ecosystems (including coral reefs). - Carrying Capacity largest number of individuals of a particular species that can survive over long periods of time in a given environment, this level depends on the effect of the limiting factors Limiting Factors A factor present in an environment that controls a process, particularly the growth, abundance or distribution of a population of organisms in an ecosystem Two Types: Density Independent and Density Dependent DI: Natural Disasters, temperature, sunlight, physical features DD: disease, stress, competition, predation Todays Assignment- Start Limiting Factors Reading Start on completing the Limiting Factors Activity with your desk mate. Please stay on task, discuss quietly and ask questions if clarification is needed. Welcome to Biology! Ms. Tate Biology/Pre-AP Biology D110 International Scholars Acadmey 9-18-13 Wednesday Past Due: Day 1- Succession Internet Activity Objective: Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophics levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramid. Recognize that long term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are limited. Describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles and explain the consequences of disrupting these cycles. Describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability. Agenda 1. Rubric for presentation day/ Create Ways to Bring your story to life 2. PBL project completion- Go to the Library Homework: Study for Ecology Exam tomorrow!!!, Project Presentation day moved to Tuesday ( no school Monday) 9-19-13 Thursday TTHL….Desoto Vs. Cedar Hill Objectives Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramid. Recognize that long term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are limited. Describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles and explain the consequences of disrupting these cycles. Describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability. Agenda: 1. Ecology Exam 2. After Exam, Complete Limiting Factors Reading Sheet Homework: Vocabulary: biomolecule, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, nucleic acid, enzyme, monomer, polymer, dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis ( due 9/24/13 19R) Past Due Day 2: Succession Internet Paper Extra Credit Due Tomorrow 9-20-13 Friday No School Monday Objectives Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophics levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramid. Recognize that long term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are limited. Describe the flow of matter through the carbon and nitrogen cycles and explain the consequences of disrupting these cycles. Describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability. Agenda: 1. Ecology PBL Presentation Set-Up Day Due: Limiting Factors Worksheet ( 19L) Homework: Vocabulary due Tuesday (9/24); Project Presentations Tuesday ( 9/24)