Download Animals-2

Animals-2
Bullfrogs in
California
Introduction
History

Tadpoles 10.2 - 17.1 cm in length

Adults 9 – 20 cm
Introduction
History

Diet

Canivore
Eats other invertebrates,
small mammals, other
amphibians, insects

Introduction
History




Behaviour
Aggresive
Territorial
Nocturnal
Habitat
Area
Rana Catesbeiana is found
throughout California's
open in-land waters

Habitat
Area







Lakes
Ponds
Sloughs
Reservoirs
Marshes
Canals
Slow creeks
Why they
are
Bullsfrogs can
easily invade other
habitats due to their
broad niche
 People introducing
them across habitats
for personal gain

an issue
Why they
are
They quickly consume the
food sources of other
species
 They are responsible for
the decline of many types
of animals such as other
frogs, snakes and waterfowl

an issue
Leatherback Turtles
By: Daniel Miranda
Leatherback Sea Turtles
• Leatherback Sea Turtles are the world largest
turtles.
• They have a rubbery type of shell instead of
the typical bone shell that their relatives
have.
• Submerging up to 4,200ft and can stay 85
Migration of the Leatherback’s
• Researchers say that a leatherback’s will
swim about 3,700 miles to get food and or
breed, taking them approximately 150 days
• They can be seen swimming in different
places; the Pacific, Indian, Atlantic ocean.
Obstacles
• Leatherback’s are often
facing with obstacle when
swimming their long distances.
• Many times they are caught
by fish hooks when diving
deep waters.
• Nets are another obstacle
that they are faced with.
• Water currents can impact
the turtles direction.
References
(2011). Leatherback Turtle. Signal of Spring. Retrieved from Signal of Spring.
(n.d). Leatherback turtles' mighty swim. New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from EBSCOhost..
(n.d.). Leatherback Sea Turtle. National Geographic. Retrieved from National Geographic.
Mass, T. (2010). Endangered Sea Turtles Face Death by a Thousands Hooks. Treehugger.
Retrieved from Treehugger.
Sylvia, H. (n.d). New study tracks leatherback turtles' epic thousands of miles journey across
S Atlantic. Canadian Press. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
PACIFIC HERRING AND
PINK SALMON
POPULATION
ALMA GARCIA
ECOL 1
5/17/11
WHAT IS PACIFIC HERRING
• The Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, is a species of
the herring family associated with the Pacific Ocean
environment of North America and northeast Asia.
This species is a silvery fish with unspined fins and a
deeply forked caudal fin. The distribution is widely
along the California coast from Baja California
north to Alaska and the Bering Sea; in Asia the
distribution is south to Japan.
• Clupea pallasii is sometimes considered a keystone species
because of its very high productivity and interactions with a
large number of predators and prey. Pacific herring spawn in
variable seasons, but often in the early part of the year in
intertidal and sub-tidal environments, commonly on eelgrass
or other submerged vegetation; however, they do not die after
spawning, but can breed in successive years. According to
government sources, the Pacific herring fishery collapsed in
the year 1993, and is slowly recovering to commercial
viability in several North American stock areas. The species is
named for Peter Simon Pallas, a noted German naturalistic
and explorer.
WHAT IS PINK SALMON
• Pink salmon or humpback salmon, Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha, (from a Russian name for this species
gorbuša, горбуша) is a species of anadromous fish in
the salmon family. It is the smallest and most
abundant of the Pacific salmon.
• In the ocean, pink salmon are bright silver fish. After
returning to their spawning stream, their coloring
changes to pale grey on the butt with yellowish white
belly (although some turn an overall dull green
color).
• As with all salmon, in addition to the dorsal fin they
also have an adipose fin. The fish is characterized by
a white mouth with black gums, no teeth on the
tongue, large oval-shaped black spots on the back and
v-shaped tail, and an anal fin with 13-17 soft rays.
During their spawning migration, males develop a
pronounced humped back, hence their nickname
"humpies". Pink salmon average 4.8 pounds (2.2 kg)
in weight. The maximum recorded size was 30 inches
(76 cm) and 15 pounds (6.8 kg).
HISTORY
• The roots of modern fisheries oceanography extend
back to the great cod, herring and plaice fisheries of
the late 1800s and early 1900s in the North and Baltic
Seas.
• Early qualitative observations describe relationships
between ocean currents, spawning grounds and
nursery areas for commercial species led to ever-more
sophisticated concepts about how coastal and shelf
ecosystems function to support fish and shell-fish
stocks.
A STUDY
• Five years of field, laboratory, and numerical
modelling studies demonstrated ecosystem-level
mechanisms influencing the mortality of juvenile
pink salmon and Pacific herring.
• They found that juvenile herring were subject to
substantial starvation losses during a winter period of
plankton diminishment, and that predation on juvenile
pink salmon was closely linked to the availability of
alternative prey for fish and bird predators.
• The further study revealed that juvenile pink salmon
and age 0 herring exploit very different portions of
the annual production cycle.
Pacific Herring
Pink Salmon
Pink Salmon
Size of Pacific herring at different ages
Age (years)
Source and location
• 123456789
• Wa 56.5 90.0 112.5 136.0 155.5 Haist & Stocker (1985), Strait of Georgia
• wb 22.1 66.0 86.7 106.3 130.6 147.9 164.6 180.1 201.4 Spratt(1981),
Tomales Bay
• wb 18.5 57.9 75.9 95.6 116.8 130.5 149.8 156.6 - Spratt (1981), San
Francisco Bay
• BLC 113.0 164.0 180.0 193.0 207.0 216.0 224.0 231.0 240.0 Spratt(1981),
Tomales Bay
• BLC 113.0 161.0 175.0 188.0 200.0 200.0 216.0 219.0 - Spratt (1981),
• San Francisco Bay
• Ld 90.3 153.6 197.9 232.0 255.4 278.4 291.9 - Naumenko (1979), eastern
Bering Sea
DEFINITIONS
• aW = mean whole wet weight (g) for males and females combined
from Haist and Stocker
• (1985, Table 1).
• "W = expected whole wet weight (g); calculated from observed
mean body length (this table)
• and lengthheight relationships provided by Spratt (1981):
• Tomales Bay W = 0.2125(~10-~B) L ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~
• San Francisco Bay W = 0.4278(~10-~B) L ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ .
• b~~ = mean body length; Spratt (1981) measured "body length"
from "the tip of the snout to the
• end of the silvery part of the body."
• d ~ =me an length; Naumenko (1979) did not mention whether
"length" was measured as standard,
• fork, total, or some other measure of fish length.
The Fur Seal
By Erica
FAST FACTS!
Type: Mammal
Diet: Carnivore
Average life span in the wild:12 to 30 years
Size:4 to 10 ft
Weight:Up to 700 lbs
Group name:Colony
Predators: Adult fur seals are hunted by orcas and large
sharks.
Did you know? Mother seals and pups find each other
using a familiar call. A study in Alaska found that
mothers and offspring were still able to recognize each
others' calls even after a separation of four years.
There are four main
species of southern
fur seals, all smaller
than their northern
relative. They include
the Guadalupe fur
seal of Baja
California, the South
African fur seal, the
South American fur
seal, and the
Australian fur seal.
Australian Fur Seal
Guadalupe fur seal of
Baja California
African Fur Seal
South American
Fur Seal
Physical appearance?
Fur seals have sharp
eyesight and keen hearing.
They have small ears, unlike
the earless or hair seals.
Fur seals have the ability to
turn their rear limbs forward
and move on all fours.
Fur seals are generally
smaller than sea lions.
However, their flippers tend
to be proportionately longer,
their pelage tends to be
darker and the
vibrissae more prominent.
Males are often more than
five times heavier than the
females, making them
among the most sexually
dimorphic of all mammal
groups.
Although they breathe air, fur seals are most at home in the
water and may stay at sea for weeks at a time eating fish,
squid, birds, and tiny shrimp-like krill. Fur seals may swim by
themselves or gather in small groups.
Mating occurs between June and July on exposed sites such
as rock slopes, ledges, pebble beaches and reefs. Pups are
born one year later on the same beach. In 4 months the
pups are able to live independently.
The conservation status of the Fur Seal is very
vulnerable. Fur Seals were commercially hunted
for their pelts until the practice was banned in
1966. But even with that done, the population is
still declining and the reasons for the decline of the
fur seal species is still unclear. Possible factors
could be overfishing, entanglement in fishing gear,
climate change, and of course polution.
Predators + Threats
-A small number of seals are killed by sharks, particularly White
Pointers who prey on seals.
-Killer Whales are known seal eaters but are rarely seen near the
Australian Fur Seal breeding colonies.
-Commercial fishing has reduced the seals food sources.
-Entanglement with fishing gear (lines, nets and ropes)
-The swallowing of plastic bags, thinking they are a type of
translucent squid etc
-Toxic pollution and oil spills
The End.