Download Habitat & Community

14.1 - 2
Habitat vs Niche
• Habitat
– All biotic and abiotic factors where an organism
lives
– “Where” the species lives
• Niche
– How a species interacts with its environment
including food, conditions, and behavior
– “How” the species lives
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Earthworm Niche
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Competition
• Two organisms fight for the same limited resources
• Two types
– Interspecific = 2 different species compete
– Intraspecific = Individuals of the same species
compete
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Competitive Exclusion
• Two species are competing for the same resources
• One species will be better suited
• The other will be pushed out or die
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Ecological Equivalents
• Species occupy similar niches but live in different
regions
• They never compete because they don’t live together
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Predation
– One organism captures and feeds upon the other
– Herbivores are also predators since they feed
upon organisms called plants
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Symbiosis
– Close relationship among two or more different
species that live in direct contact with each other
– 3 major types
1. Mutalism
• Both organisms benefit
2. Commensalism
• One organism benefits
• One organism is neither helped nor harmed
3. Parasitism
• One organism benefits while the other is harmed
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.