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Conservation planning strategies at the landscape scale Biodiversity is • The sum total of all life on earth • The wealth of genes, species, ecosystems and ecological processes that make our living planet what it is • Our living legacy to future generations Avoid Species Extinctions Protect Key Biodiversity Areas Seascapes/ Landscapes Biosphere Consolidate Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Levels where CI works INCREASING SCALE OF ECOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION Species Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Definition, targets and delineation Defining Biodiversity Conservation Corridors A biologically and strategically defined sub-regional space selected as a unit for large-scale conservation planning and implementation purposes • • • • Scale Connectivity Resilience Broad-scale threats • Human welfare Some principles for corridor delineation • Areas necessary to conserve globally threatened species • Areas necessary to conserve area-demanding species and/or the persistence of key ecological processes on threatened species or key biodiversity areas depend • As a strategic space for conservation action, to proactively address existing and emerging threats to biodiversity from different scales, and incorporate conservation into development planning Boundaries are to capture system of KBAs, connectivity, areas required for viable populations and ecological processes, and strategic areas for responding to threats and/ or tackling development priorities … Strategic area for integrating development needs Wide-ranging globally threatened sp. Protected area A Ecological process Strategic area for responding to threats Key biodiversity area B Species isolated by fragmentation Species that require urgent conservation actions at the sea/ landscape scale Area-demanding species Species dependent on broad-scale ecological processes Species threatened by climate change Ecological processes The corridor planning framework Objectives of a corridor strategy • Persistence of wide-ranging species and ecological processes • Balancing with local social, economic, development and cultural priorities and dynamics • Forward thinking to anticipate future changes • Maintain resiliency of socio-economic strategies – coping mechanisms, natural buffers Biodiversity Analysis State, trends and future predictions on biodiversity status and environmental processes Biodiversity targets and requirements. Context Analysis • Who are key stakeholders (those with significant impact/influence/relationship)? • How are they interacting with biodiversity? • Why are they interacting with resources the way they are? Threats to Biodiversity Status Opportunities to Influence Biodiversity Status Integrate Analyses and Select Responses Context analysis is … an iterative process of reviewing, consolidating, and analyzing factors that influence the state of biodiversity: sociocultural, economic, institutional, political, and geographical information and trends. (from the Refining Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Workshop, Santarem, Dec 2004) Context analysis integrates layers of policy, socio-economic and land use analyses to understand better where there is flexibility in options to achieve conservation outcomes, determine where to act in terms of benefits, costs and opportunities … … and when to act in terms of threats … … and relative to the existing development priorities in the region Multiple layers and scales of socioeconomic analyses First layer of spatial and economic analyses at landscape-scale to identify and prioritize areas for action based on vulnerability and threat… Second layer of analyses to examine the enabling conditions for implementing activities… Types of analyses might include: land tenure, livelihood strategies/needs, community dynamics, policy an institutions, markets,... Third layer to support policy interventions and to mainstream biodiversity into development at national/ regional scale (land use planning, poverty reduction strategies, infrastructure development, greening key sectors …) Economy Environment Society Case study of an adaptive corridor planning process: North Sumatra, Indonesia Northern Sumatra Corridor, Indonesia Background: • 4.5 mil ha landscape • High levels of endangered spp: • 210 mammals • 580 birds • 194 reptiles • 62 amphibians • Population of ~13mil • Reconstruction and development Forest change detection, Example of Forest Cover and 1990-2000 Change Mapping Biodiversity outcomes Seulawah Heritage Forests (1.4 Million (~1.4 MillionHa) Ha) Improved PA •Improved PAManagement Management Create Corridor •Create Connectivity Connectivity Among PAs 10 YEARS OUTCOMES • Led a participatory process to map and prioritize The process of defining Key Biodiversity Areas are Western Toba Watershed important biodiversity areas in 2001 – led to (~0.26 Million Ha) currently being finalized for the whole island•Improved of Sumatra. PA Management development of the 10 year Conservation Vision •Create Connectivity Information will be used to refine the Vision Among Maps. PAs Leuser Ecosystem Map. (~2.6 Million Ha) •Improved PA Management • Built aongoing common vision and mission Research to conservation identify wide ranging species’ stakeholders needsamong in the all land use matrix. Angkola Lowland Wilderness (~0.4 Million Ha) •New PA Meeting the target species’ needs in the land use matrix Integrating biodiversity and hydrological processes Ongoing research: Pantanal, Brazil Hydrological Processes Initiative • First phase of project focused on defining targets for maintaining hydrological processes for biodiversity persistence • Second phase (FY07) focused on analyzing socio-economic, cultural and political pressures on the hydrological system; and integration of these concerns with the biodiversity targets in development of a strategy for conservation action. Biodiversity targets in the Pantanal Giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) • species intimately linked with water; • strong social behavior – living in group; • needs of the edge/river bank to build dens, to give birth and offspring care; • during the dry season, groups are restricted for the river channel (lots of records); • in the wet season, groups are dispersed (less records) • the occurrence is related to large-sized fishes (its main food resources) • in the past, giant otter was very hunted (skin) • currently, fisherman don’t like it, because it feeds on large fishes (there is a high fisherman demand – tourists) Corridors Economics and Planning Program