Download Policy Statement 1.1

South Africa’s Policy on
National Environmental Management of the Oceans
Green Paper Presentation to Portfolio Committee
16 slides (15-20 minutes)
13 February 2013
Department of Environmental Affairs
1
Introduction
• Ocean Governance Failures / Challenges
have been observed throughout the world
• Several countries are finalizing Ocean
management policies
• Oceans policies seek to
• improve sectoral management of the ocean sector
• enhance planning and managing across sectors
for accumulated and aggregated impacts
2
Policy Development
2011 - 2012
• 2011-12 Towards developing the policy
Ocean
Policies of 12
countries
compared
Review of
sectoral
stakeholders
e.g. mining,
fishing
Review of
international
agreements
that SA is
party to.
Review of
National
ocean sectoral
policy e.g.
shipping
Policy
drafted
Development of the Benguela Current Convention Text
• Observations
– Sectoral management of ocean users
» Function to advance individual interests of sectors: shipping, mining, fishing…
» No sector manages accumulated & aggregated impacts across sectors
– Need for coordinated policy framework for conservation, protection &
sustainable use of the oceans
3
SA Ocean’s – Global Perspective
ch2
X_SA base
4
Global Ocean Circulation
Circulation
‘Global Conveyor Belt’
SA Ocean Jurisdiction
6
Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill
• 30 Billion US$
• 4.9 million barrels / 780 000 cubic meters
• 6500 – 180 000 sq. km
7
Ocean Acidity
INCREASED CARBON DI OXIDE
LEADS TO
INCREASED ACIDITY OF THE OCEANS
8
African Penguin Threatened
9
Coelacanth
•
•
•
•
Coelacanth is one of the oldest species of fish in the world
Thought to have been extinct since the end of the cretaceous period over 65 million
years ago.
Fossils of the coelacanth have been found that date back over 350 million years
1938, a fisherman actually caught a live coelacanth off the coast of South Africa
–
•
“EVOLIUTIONARY LINK BETWEEN AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL SPECIES”
“old fourlegs"
10
OCEAN CONSERVATION
MANDATE
• South African Constitution s24
• International Agreements
• Themes
– Conservation
– Sustainable Development
11
Ocean Goods & Services
• Provision –
– sea trade; fish; oil; minerals; pharmaceuticals; sewage &
waste disposal etc
• Regulation
– environmental – climate – weather – e.g. re-cycling of
carbon & nitrogen; heat distribution
• Supporting
– creating niche habitat for biodiversity e.g. mangroves
• Cultural
Environmental Affairs exists to
ensure the sustainability &
conservation of these goods &
services
12
SA Ocean Policy - Objectives
• Ecosystem Conservation; Protection; Stewardship
• Provide framework for existing and new industries
to access oceans responsibly >>> spatial planning
• Maintain & enhance oceans goods & services
Advancing technology>Advancing exploitation
13
Ocean Policy
Table of Contents
TABLE OF DIAGRAMS, MAPS AND TABLES
II
ACRONYMS
III
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
IV
1.
INTRODUCTION
1
2.
THE SOUTH AFRICAN OCEAN ENVIRONMENT
1
3.
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS’ OCEAN MANDATE
8
4.
THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL OCEAN GOVERNANCE
Ocean
Environmental
Information
12
Ocean
Environmental
Integrity
a.
The Emerging Global Ocean Management Agenda
b.
International Ocean Governance Frameworks and Responsibilities
5.
OCEAN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND SUSTAINABLE USE
17
a.
The Ocean and Earth System
17
b.
Ocean Ecosystems
21
c.
Ocean Ecosystem Services
24
d.
Existing Ocean Resource Usage
24
e.
Emerging Ocean Resource Usage
30
6.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF OCEAN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
33
7.
OVERVIEW OF SELECTED INTERNATIONAL OCEAN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
45
8.
SOUTH AFRICA’S OCEAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT POLICY
48
a.
Organisational Context, Vision and Strategic Objectives
48
b.
South Africa’s Ocean Environmental Management Policy Objectives and Statements
49
9.
CONCLUSION
57
Ocean
Environmental
Knowledge
12
15
Annexure A: Table of International Instruments
58
Annexure B: Table of Domestic Legislation
64
END NOTES
65
Ocean
Environmental
Management
14
An Example of the Policy in Action
OBJECTIVE
• Information
OUTCOME
STATEMENT/ACTION
• Indicator
•
Population numbers of ocean top predators
e.g. seabirds - penguins
•
Population numbers must not drop less than n
breeding pairs – species management plan
• Knowledge
• Threshold
• Management
• DEA
Intervention
•
Develop & Inform norms & standards that
seabirds mortalities in fishing lines must be
less than X per 1000 hooks
• Cooperation
•
Seek partnership with DAFF to regulate and
monitor norms and stds
Seek alignment of norms and stds with
adjacent coastal states through Benguela
Current Commission
• Environmental
Integrity
•
15
CONCLUSION
Integrated
Ocean
Environmental
Management
Sectoral
Management
Coordinated
Sectoral
Ocean
Environmental
Management
16
1.Ocean Environmental Information
•
•
Policy Statement 1.1: Ensure improved adherence with the ocean environmental
reporting requirements contained in domestic legislation
Policy Statement 1.2: Enhance existing research and monitoring of ocean
ecosystems
2.Ocean Environmental Knowledge
•
•
•
Policy Statement 2.1: Produce information tools to facilitate understanding of the
natural functioning of ecosystems and human impact on the ocean environment
Policy Statement 2.2: Establish, in consultation with role-players, ocean ecosystem
thresholds for human health and biodiversity conservation
Policy Statement 2.3: Provide information to promote sustainable development
whilst maintaining the resilience of the ocean
SECRET
17
3. Ocean Environmental Management
•
•
•
Policy Statement 3.1: Provide timeous information on trends and extremes in
ecosystem and earth system functioning
Policy Statement 3.2: Ensure the conservation, protection and rehabilitation of
ocean habitat and species
Policy Statement 3.3: establish ecosystem and biodiversity management plans in
consultation with role-players
4. Ocean Environmental Integrity
Policy Statement 4.1: Cooperating at a national, regional and international level to
advance sustainable ecosystem-based management of the EEZ, High Seas and
Antarctica
18