Download Habitat

Habitat
• Habitat is the
place a plant or
animal lives out
their life
copyright cmassengale
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Niche
• Niche- role of a species in its habitat
– Like different baseball player positions
• A species' niche includes:
– a. Habitat - where it lives in the
ecosystem
– b. Relationships - all interactions with
other species in the ecosystem
– c. Nutrition - its method of obtaining
food.
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Two species can share the same
habitat but not the same niche
Example: Ants and bacteria both live in the dirt
(habitat) but have different niches.
Ants eat dead insects and
bacteria eat dead leaves,
dead logs, and
animal waste.
So ants and bacteria
don’t compete for
the same resources.
The Competitive
Exclusion Principle
says that…
No two
species can
occupy same
niche at the
same time.
This would
lead to
competition.
Community Interactions
1. Competition
2. Predator-Prey
3. Symbiosis
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COMPETITION
* OCCURS WHEN ORGANISMS ATTEMPT TO USE
SAME RESOURCES (FYI…resources : food, habitat, or mate)
 creating A WINNER and A LOSER
* COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLENO TWO SPECIES CAN OCCUPY SAME NICHE
Competing species
must adapt
or
they will die.
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2 Kinds of Competition
Intra-specific Competition
Inter-specific Competition
Within a population
(same species)
Between populations
( different species)
Buck vs. Buck
Lion vs. Hyena
Predation
The relationship
between predator
and prey
• Predator and prey relationships affect food webs and
chains
• Predator = organism that kills and eats; the hunter
• Prey = food; the hunted
• The relationship between predator and prey keeps the
numbers of both communities sustainable
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BATTLE AT KRUGER
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So… What will happen …?
1… to the prey population, if
the predator population
increases?
2… to the prey population, if
the predator population
decreases?
3… to the predator
population, if the prey
population increases?
4… to the predator
population, if the prey
population decreases?
1… the prey
population will
decrease.
2… the prey
population will
increase.
3… the predator
population will
increase.
4… the predator
population will
decrease.
Symbiosis
• Organisms of 2
different
species permanently
“Living Together”
3 Types
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
Lichens- symbiotic relationship
between fungus & an alga .
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Mutualism
Both species benefit
due to the
relationship
Ex: CLOWNFISH
AND SEA
ANEMONE
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Commensalism
One member
benefits and the
other is neither
helped nor
harmed.
• Ex: Whale
and
Barnacles
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Parasitism
one organism
benefits and the
other is harmed
Ex: Dog and a tick
Difference between
predation and parasitism...
-Parasitism acts slower
-Parasites can’t benefit from
dead hosts
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Let’s Review
Symbiotic
Relationship
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Beneficial (+) or Detrimental (-)
Organism 1
Organism 2
1. What kind of symbiotic relationship does a lichen
exhibit?
2. Identify 2 organisms that have a predator/prey
relationship?
3. Two male gorillas compete for territory. Is this interspecific or intra-specific competition?
4. The competitive exclusion principle says that no 2 species
can occupy the same _______________.
5. What is the difference between a habitat & a niche?
Let’s Review
Symbiotic
Relationship
Beneficial (+) or Detrimental (-)
Organism 1
Organism 2
Mutualism
+
+
Commensalism
+
0
Parasitism
+
_
1.
What kind of symbiotic relationship does a lichen exhibit?
Mutualism
2. Identify 2 organisms that have a predator/prey relationship?
Lion & zebra; wolf & caribou
3. Two male gorillas compete for territory. Is this interspecific or intraspecific
competition?
Intra-specific
4. The competitive exclusion principle says that no 2 species can occupy the same
niche at the same time.
5. What is the difference between a habitat & a niche?
Habitat - where an organism lives; niche- its job or role within its
community
6. The diagram to the left represents
a tree containing three different
species of warbler, A, B and C.
Each species occupies a different
niche.
• A fourth species, D, which has the
same environmental requirements
as species B, enters the tree at
point X. Members of species B will
most likely
•
A. live in equilibrium with species D
B. move to a different level and live
with species A or C
C. stay at that level but change
their diet
D. compete with species D for
resources