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Exploring the Redwoods to understand Habitat/ Niche Resource Partitioning Generalist vs. Specialist The Redwood Forests • Video Overview Habitat vs Niche • Habitat is the physical location that an organism occupies • Niche- how an organism makes its living. How it obtains food, its relationships with other organisms, services it provides the ecosystem, all behaviors needed for it to survive Banana Slug • Habitat • Sides of Redwoods • Redwood Forest Floor • • • • Niche Eats scat, leaves, fungus Solitary Uses sides of tree to keep cool • Camouflaged Competitive Exclusion • Two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot stably coexist • One species will always have a slight advantage over the other – One species evolves • OR – One species becomes extinct “It’s a Slug Fest” Spotted Leopard Slugs and Banana Slugs are thought to have occupied the same habitats. The Spotted Leopard Slug left the Redwood Forests are known to prefer gardens. In fact, most species of leopard slugs are now associated with “human habitats”. A Tale of three squirrels Chickaree Squirrel Northern Flying Squirrel Western Gray Squirrel Competition • Two types of competition: – Intraspecific- competition among members of the same species – Interspecific– competition among members of different species Changes • The Law of Competitive Exclusion most likely led to the three species of squirrels in the Redwood Forests. • All three new species then had to deal with Interspecific Competition • Otherwise they would be fierce competitors A Tale of three squirrels Chickaree Squirrel DIURNAL Northern Flying Squirrel NOCTURNAL Western Gray Squirrel DIURNAl A Tale of three squirrels Chickaree Squirrel Douglas Fir and White Pine Cone Seeds Northern Flying Squirrel Eats Fungi Western Gray Squirrel Eats Redwood Pine Cone Seeds Resource Partitioning Resource PartitioningHigh levels of specialization That allow several species To utilize different parts of the Same resource and coexist Within a single habitat. Northern Flying Squirrel Chickaree Squirrel Western Gray Squirrel There is a danger to Resource Partitioning • Generalist- these are species that do not have specific habitat or food requirements. You see these organisms colonize large areas of land…event he globe • Example: Humans • Specialist- require special habitats or specialized food resources. • Examples: Our squirrel friends • Endangered and threatened Species Side track…. • They are just to cool, you gotta check this out! • Is it a Bird? Is it a plane? No, it's a flying squirrel! Producers • • • • • Redwood Tree Moss Fern Shooting Star Violet First Order Consumers (Herbivores) Second and Third order Consumers Decomposers Scavengers Life on the Prairie • As you watch note the following: – Habitat= Prairie – Niches – Specific Feeding Relationships – Law of Competitive Exclusion • Interspecific and Intraspecific – Resource Partitioning An Evolutionary Side Note • Gigantism and Dwarfism • Foster’s Rule-also known as the island rule) is a principle in evolutionary biology stating that members of a species get smaller or bigger depending on the resources available in the environment. • Hising Cockroaches • Key Deer • Komodo Dragon
