Download Hermit Anemone video

Adaptations and
Relationships
Survival in the wild takes
some WILD characteristics
toad
Have you ever wondered how
animals are able to survive in
the wild?
Animals have certain
adaptations that help
them to survive.
Adapting to the
Environment
Black Peppered Moth
White Peppered Moth
Adaptations
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The behaviors and physical
characteristics of species that
allow them to live successfully in
the environment.
Example: Fish have gills so they
can breath underwater.
Giraffes have long necks to eat
leaves that other animals cannot
reach.
Animal adaptation Quiz
Adaptations Game
Adaptation Clip Stop at 6:30
1. Structural
adaptations
•are body
structures that
allow an animal to
find and consume
food, defend itself,
and to reproduce
its species and help
an animal survive in
its environment.
© A. Weinberg
•Can be teeth, body
covering, or
movement
2. Camouflage
use of color in a
surrounding to blend
into its environment.
Example:
The chameleon
can change its
color to match its
surroundings.
Camouflage Video (cuttlefish)
Mimic Octopus Video
Amazing Animal Camouflages
Collection Video
Motion Mimicry Video
3. Mimicry
looking or sounding like
another living organism
Poisonous
I’m the Monarch!
Example: The
Viceroy butterfly
uses mimicry to
look like the
Monarch butterfly.
Can you tell them
apart?
Not poisonous
I’m the Viceroy!
Coral snake (left) very poisonous & Milk
snake (right)
4. Body coverings
and Parts
The elephant’s
trunk is a physical
adaptation that
helps it to clean
itself, eat, drink,
and to pick things
up.
Body coverings &
parts (claws,
beaks, feet, armor
plates, skulls,
teeth)
5. Behaviour
adaptations
include activities
that help an animal
survive.
 Behaviour
adaptations can be
learned or
instinctive.
 Social
behaviour
 Behaviour for
protection
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6. Migration
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Animals migrate for
different reasons.
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This is when
behavioural adaptation
that involves an animal
or group of animals
moving from one region
to another and then
back again.
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better climate
better food
safe place to live
safe place to raise
young
go back to the place
they were born.
7. Hibernation
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This is deep sleep in
which animal’s body
temp drops, body
activities are slowed
to conserve energy.
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E.g. Bats, woodchucks
& bears.
Ex:
Sharks have 3 rows
of sharp teeth. They can
smell a drop of blood from
far away.
8. Predator
Adaptations

Adaptation
s that
allow the
organism
to be a
successful
predator.
9. Prey Adaptations
Adaptations that
help the organism
escape from
predators.
 Ex. The quills of a
porcupine.
 The shell of a
turtle.
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Relationships Among
Organisms
Boyfriend and Girlfriend
Family
Friends
Student and
Teacher
Competition
Competition
over a mate
Because many
organisms share the
same ecosystem
they are bound to
compete.
 Competition, the
struggle between
organisms to survive
in a habitat with
limited resources.
 Example:
 Two birds compete
for the seeds on a
tree.
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Predation
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Predation is when
one organism kills
and eats another.
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The organism being
eaten is the prey
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The organism that
kills is the predator.
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Ex. A snake kills
and eats a mouse.
The snake is the
predator and the
mouse is prey.
Predator
Prey
Prey
Predator
Predator
Prey
Symbiosis
 is a
relationship
between two
species that
benefits at
least one
species.
There are 3 types
of Symbiosis
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Mutualism
 Commensalism
 Parasitism
1. Mutualism
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Clownfish
and Sea
Anemone
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Butterfly and
Flower
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A relationship in which
both organisms
benefit. They help each
other.
Ex. A relationship
between a butterfly
and a flower
Odd Animal Couples Shrimp A
Goby video
Hermit Anemone video
Tree Ants Caterpillars video
Mutualism : Both organisms benefit from
the relationship
The otters help the kelp by eating the sea
urchins which endanger it. The kelp
provides and anchor for the otters while
they sleep.
Mutualism:
Moray Eel with
Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a
clean mouth
Cleaner Fish gets a
meal
Mutualism: Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird
gets a meal
Mutualism: Lichen
 Lichen
is really two organisms: algae and
fungus. The fungus needs food but cannot
make it. The algae makes food but needs
some way to keep moist. The fungus forms
a crust around the algae which holds in
moisture. Both organisms benefit.
Mutualism: The Chital and the Tree-pie
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The tree-pies help the chital by stripping the
dead velvet from the antlers. This provides them
with nourishment Therefore both species are
benefiting from this symbiotic behavior.
Mutualism: Yucca Plants and Yucca Moths
 Each
type of Yucca plant can only be
pollinated by a specific kind of Yucca moth.
 That moth can only live on that kind of
Yucca.
Mutualism: Swollen Thorn Acacia Tree and Ants
 The
tree provides a nursery for the ants in the
thorns and makes special food for the ant
babies.
 In return the ants sting and attack any other
plants or insects that try to invade the tree.
Mutualism: Clown fish with anemone
The clownfish benefits from the housing and protection
of the sea anemone and the sea anemone in return gets
the scraps the clownfish brings and can sting and digest
the large fish that the clownfish lures in.
2. Commensalism
 Commensalism
A
Barnacles on Whales
relationship in
which one
species benefits
and the other one
is neither helped
nor harmed
 Ex.
A bird building
a nest on a tree
Commensalism: Remora on a Shark
Shark eats
and Remora
gets the
scraps.
Commensalism : Cattle with cattle egrets
Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass
Egrets hang around and eat insects
Commensalism: Barnacles and Whales
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Barnacles need a place to anchor. They must
wait for food to come their way. Some barnacles
hitch a ride on unsuspecting whales who deliver
them to a food source. This does not effect the
whale in any way.
Commensalism: Oak Gall Wasps and Oak Trees
The oak gall wasp stings the oak tree. The tree
then grows a GALL which is a nest for the
wasp’s babies. When the larva hatch, they eat
their way out of the gall. Does not help or hurt
the oak tree
Parasitism
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Parasitism involves one
organism living on or inside
another organism. The
organism that benefits is
called the parasite and the
organism it lives on is
called a host.
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Example: Common parasites
are fleas, ticks, and leeches
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Parasitic Wasps Aphids video
Cordyceps Fungus
Parasitic Mind Control
Zombie Snails
Tape Worm
Blood Sucking Mosquito
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Parasitism: Acacia plant with ant galls
Ants lay eggs on acacia tree
Acacia covers the infected area with brown
flesh (gall)
Parasitism: Taenia worm in human
eye
Worm infects human blood stream
Human may go blind
Parasitism: Mistletoe and woody
plants
Mistletoe takes
moisture and
nutrients
Woody plant has
to support itself
and mistletoe
Parasitism: Deer ticks and humans
Tick eats blood of human
Human receives Lyme Disease from
the tick
Parasitism: Tapeworm and dog
Tapeworm attaches itself to the dog.
Tapeworm takes the dogs nutrients
Organism 1 Organism 2
Competition
Predation
Predator
Prey
Parasite
Host
Mutualism
Symbiosis
Commensalism
Parasitism