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HOW DO COMMUNITIES OF
ORGANISMS INTERACT WITH EACH
OTHER?
Communities
Definition
 groups of different populations of organisms living
together in the same place at the same time
 Communities interact through competition,
predation, and symbiotic relationships
What must all organisms in a community
have?
(write these down!!!!)
 Habitat – Where the organism lives.
 Ex. Bird lives in the nest of a tree.
 Niche - The organism’s role in the community.
 Ex. Scavenger, Predator, Prey
NOT ENOUGH FOR ALL
 Hey hey hey!!! I see some nice fruits on that tree but it
looks like those finches also have their eyes on it. I
don’t even think there is enough for our little blue jay
flock… let alone them. LET’S GET IT!
1-COMPETITION: FIGHT FOR RESOURCES
 INTRASPECIFIC- competition
within the SAME species
 INTERSPECIFIC- competition
among different species
 Which type of competition will help to control
populations?
 Which type of competition will decrease a population?
HIDE OR I WILL GET YOU
 I AM ALWAYS IN FEAR OF THAT JAGUAR COMING
OUT OF THE BLUE TO KILL ME FOR FOOD, BUT I
HAVE TO LOOK FOR SOMETHING TO EAT… A
HYENA GETS HUNGRY TOO!!
2-PREDATION
 PREDATOR- PREY RELATIONSHIP
Organisms in a community must interact in a
predator-prey relationship to obtain food for survival.
Predator/Prey Graph
Predator/prey
relationship can
control
populations
3-SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
SYMBIOSIS: CLOSE ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN TWO OR MORE ORGANISMS OF A
DIFFERENT SPECIES
YOU ARE MY FRIEND…AREN’T YOU?
 I FEEL THAT OUR FRIENDSHIP IS AN EQUAL
PARTNERSHIP. YOU HELP ME WHEN I NEED IT
AND LIKEWISE I HELP YOU. THIS RELATIONSHIP
IS GREAT…WE ARE IN SYMBIOSIS
MUTUALISM RELATIONSHIP
 BOTH ORGANISMS
BENEFIT FROM THE
RELATIONSHIP
 BACTERIA IN OUR
STOMACH BACTERIA
HELPS US DIGEST FOOD,
BACTERIA HAS A HOME
 ANTS LIVING WITH
APHIDS(PLANT) ANTS
FEED ON SUGARY HONEY
PRODUCED BY APHID,
ANTS PROTECT THE
APHIDS FROM PREDATORS
SOMETIMES I FEEL USED
 YOU KNOW, WE ARE GOOD FRIENDS, BUT
SOMETIMES I FEEL LIKE YOU ARE ASKING ME TO
HELP YOU OUT ALL THE TIME…TESTS, HW,
PROJECTS. I AM GETTING QUITE SICK OF IT AND
FEEL HURT BY IT
PARASITISM RELATIONSHIP
 ONE ORGANISM BENEFITS THE OTHER IS
HARMED
 Virus infects a cell
 Fleas on a dog
 Mosquito bites us->
I REALLY DON’T CARE, IT DOESN’T BOTHER
ME
 YOU CAN COPY MY WORK ALL YOU WANT, AS
ALONG AS WE BOTH GET THE SAME GRADE
COMMENSALISM RELATIONSHIP
 ONE ORGANISM BENEFITS THE OTHER IS NOT
HARMED
 BARNACLES ON A WHALE’S BODY
 REMORA FISH ATTACHES ITSELF TO A SHARK
WRITING RELATIONSHIPS IN SHORTHAND
 MUTUALISM ( +/+ )
 PARASITISM (+/ -)
 COMMENSALISM ( +/ 0)