Download Q. What are energy and matter transformation mechanisms?

Q. What are energy and matter
transformation mechanisms?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
1
What is the basic structure of
energy flow in an ecosystem?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
2
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
3
What limit the length of food
chains?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
4
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
5
All lifes on the earth depend on
the transfers of energy and
matters.
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
6
Does this dictum apply to
human?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
7
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
Information transfer
8
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
What is the information
transfer in organisms?
What are the information
transfers in human?
9
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
10
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
11
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
12
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
13
Dynamic of life and
environment

There were 3 phases of lifes in
relation to the environment and
time scale.
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
14
Phase 1: Chemical evolution
(~4.6 billion years)
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
15
Part 1 Formation of the Earth and
its early crust and atmosphere
Part 2 Evolution of the non-living
biological molecules necessary
for life-DNA, RNA, proteins and
carbohydrates
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
16
Part 3 Evolution of systems of
chemical reactions needed for
linking these biopolymers in ways
to produce the first living cells.
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
17
Phase 2: Biological evolution
(~3.6-3.8 billion years)
- Development of diverse
species through genetics
modification and natural
selection of the Earth primitive
cells and the organisms that
followed.
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
18
Phase 3: Diversification of life
forms (~600 million years)
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
19
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
20
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
21
What is the future?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
22
Q. Why does the Earth is the
suitable place for the origin
and evolution of life?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
23
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
24
A.
1. Life, as the form on the Earth,
cannot survive without water.
2. Distance and movement of the Earth
around the sun is the optimal:
2.1 if too close, water will be in
the vapor form, e.g. Mercury
2.2 if too far, water will be in the
ice form, e.g. Mar
3. Movement around its exist, make
temperature on both sides of the earth
uniform.
4. With the appropriate size, gravity
can maintain the atmosphere which are
suitable for life.
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
25
Q. What is the basic problem
facing life of the Earth?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
26
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
27
Q. What are the impacts?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
28
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
29
A. 1. Organismic level
2. Population level
3. Community-ecosystem
level
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
30
Does life posses regulatory
characteristics?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
31
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
32
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
33
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
34
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
35
What are control
mechanisms?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
36
1. Feedback control
1.1 Negative feedback
control
1.2 Positive feedback
control
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
37
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
38
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
39
2. Congeneric homotaxis or
redundancy in functional
components
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
40
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
41
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
42
Does the Earth posses
control mechanism?
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
43
Conclusion
1. The Earth’s atmosphere did not just
develop by chance.
2. Organisms from the very beginning
played the major role in development
and control of geochemical
environment favorable to themselves.
3. The Earth is not just a ‘habitat’ for
organisms, but the Earth seems to be
a ‘biosystem’.
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
44
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
45
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
46
Gaia Hypothesis
(Lovelock, 1979)
“Organisms, especially microorganisms,
have evolved with the physical
environment to provide an intricate
control system that keep Earth’s
conditions favorable for life”
Problem
1. It is unlikely to be proved or
disproved.
2. If there is a control mechanism,
it must be highly complex.
Ex: Bacteria species ~3,000 species
Probable relationships=(n)(n-1)/2
=3000*2999/2
=4,498,500
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
47
3. If more species involve, the
relationships will be exponential.
4. Even with impressive progress
in ecology, we still have limited
understanding of interactions
between the biotic components
and environment.
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
48
5. Biotic diversity is highly
decreasing.
1 species/day - 1 species/hour
between 1970-2000, or 500,000600,000 species by 2000
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
49
BBA Part1_4 (Gajaseni, 2001)
50