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ESD REPORTING Presentation to ESD Workshops Dr Rick Fletcher OUTLINE OF TALK • Why are we doing this? • Brief Overall Description of National ESD Reporting Framework • Details of each of the 4 steps • Aquaculture • Cross Fishery and Regional Planning What is ESD? NSESD (1992) “using, conserving and enhancing the community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased” Incorporates the 5 major issues of interest: Target Species, Ecosystem, Social, Economic and Governance Why Not Just Environment?? • Natural resource management needs more than just having minimum standards for affected populations • The activity MUST produce some social or economic benefit or it is vandalism • Depending upon societal values acceptable impacts can be from “not to be harvested” (e.g. dolphins) to “fully exploit” (e.g. prawns). • To effectively manage a fishery (and meet ESD Principles) requires integration of environmental, social and economic factors. Issues and Needs • Fisheries Legislative Requirements (all have ESD in their Acts in some form) • Other Government Requirements e.g. EPBC (Used to be Schedule 4). Various state-based agencies want environment issues addressed (EPA, Councils etc). • Market Leverage/Access Marine Stewardship Council • Develop one reporting process that gathers the information to meets most of these needs • Urgent need to respond to the EPBC requirements to enable exports past 2003 ESD Measurement and Reporting • Many previous attempts have failed • One size does not fit all • Requires a process to systematically identify issues, develop operational objectives and then work out what indicators need to be measured. • The objectives and acceptable range needs to be developed with all stakeholders • Level of information presented needs to be appropriate to the issue Why Have a Framework? • Having a framework is NOT an alternative for undertaking other necessary actions • It puts all actions and issues into context • Without a framework it is too easy to conduct unnecessary work and/or miss working on the real issues • Helps determine what actions should be undertaken • Should maximise their benefits National ESD Framework • Began in March 2000 (after Geelong ESD Conference) • Project has used a stakeholder reference group to provide ongoing advice • An ESD reporting framework for wild capture was refined through 8 case studies & 2 workshops National ESD Framework • From this a “HOW TO GUIDE” was written to “operationalise” ESD for fisheries How does the National ESD Process Work? - Part 1 Identify specific issues for each fishery by adapting the set of generic component trees in a workshop fashion National ESD REPORTING FRAMEWORK Fishery Ecological Assessments Retained Socio-Eonomic Wellbeing Assessments Indigenous TargetAdministration Species Ability to Achieve Assessments Governance Socio economic External impacts both Non Retained Community Impact of By catch and at 3 different levels Natural and human induced Environment protected species Habitat impacts General National Ecosystem Trophic Changes Separates ESD into 8 main components across 3 categories Generic Tree Retained Species Primary Species Secondary Species By-Product Specific Tree RETAINED SPECIES Rock Lobster Coastal Abrohlos By-Product Octopus Scalefish Sharks DeepSea Crabs Why use generic component trees? • Likely issues identified were developed into a generic tree for each component of ESD • These generic trees are used as the starting point for all assessments • Enhances consistency of approach • Requires specification of what are NOT issues as much as determining what are issues. • Minimises ‘missing issues’ at first pass FIRST TASK • AGREE ON THE COMPONENT TREE STRUCTURE FOR THESE FISHERIES • YOU CAN ADD ANY ISSUE YOU THINK HAS NOT BEEN INCLUDED • WE DO NOT DEBATE THEIR PRIORITY THIS IS DONE IN THE NEXT STAGE How does the process work? Part 2 • Often many issues are identified, their importance varies and not all will require full reports and explicit management • Conduct a Risk Assessment on each of the identified issues to determine appropriate level of response –again in a workshop environment RISK ASSESSMENT Consequence Negligible Likelihood 0 Minor Moderate 1 2 Severe Major 3 Catastrophic 4 5 1 2 3 5 We have developed five4 consequence tables 6specific to 10 0 2 4 8 assessing issues related to fisheries Remote 1 0 Rare 2 Unlikely 3 0 3 6 9 12 15 Possible 4 0 4 8 12 16 20 Occasional 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Likely 6 0 6 12 18 24 30 RISK ASSESSMENT Component Trees (issues identified) Risk Assessment Low Risk/Priority NO Report DIRECT Justification CurrentNEEDED Status MANAGEMENT Only > Low Risk/Priority DIRECT Develop MANAGEMENT Objectives Indicators IS NEEDED Performance limits etc Report on current Perfomance Reporting Process Part 3 Complete Suitably Detailed Reports on Each Issue • Can you justify that your management actions (or in inactions) are appropriate given the level of risk and the current level of knowledge available? • Is your current performance acceptable given the levels chosen? PART 3 - Reporting • • • • • • • • • Rationale for inclusion rating) for this issue What(risk specifically for this fishery do you want Operational Objectives (+Justification) and WHY? THESE THREE AREto A achieve PACKAGE Indicator Performance Measure (+Justification) Data Requirements Data Availability Evaluation Evaluation Reliability need to link directly Management Response These (Current, Future and to the objectives if Trigger is reached) • Summary of Actions and Conclusions n • External Drivers How does the process work? Part 4 Complete Application using information in Component Reports Summary of ESD Framework IDENTIFY ISSUES (Modify Eight ESD Component Trees) PRIORITISATION (Risk Assessment) Low Risk/Priority > Low Risk/Priority Report on Justification of Risk Rating Develop Objectives Indicators Performance limits Report Current Status Plus General Background Information = ESD STATUS REPORT Specific Reports Government Audits Other Stakeholders Comparison to other Models Process Reporting Unit SCFA Fishery Montreal SOE Questions Being Asked Activity (where ever it impacts) Forest All activities in the Habitat N a tio n /R e g io n E n v iro n m e n ta l change at a L o c a tio n (n o b e n c h m a r k s to a s s e s s p e rfo r m a n c e ) DETAILS ON COMPONENT TREES Wild Capture NATIONAL ESD REPORTING FRAMEWORK Fishery Ecological Assessments Social Wellbeing Assessments Ability to Achieve Assessments Retained Indigenous Governance Non Retained Community Impact of Environment General Ecosystem National Retained Species Retained Species Primary Species Species 1 Stock 1 Distribution Abundance Structure Discards Stock 2 etc. (as for stock 1) By-Product Species Species 2 etc. (as for species 1) Species or species group (as for primary species) At some stage these SPECIES are wanted by some or all of the fishery - ie you do want to catch some Revised Rock Lobster Tree RETAINED SPECIES Rock Lobster By-Product Coastal Octopus Abrohlos Scalefish Sharks DeepSea Crabs EAST COAST TUNA Retained Species Primary Species By-Product Species Yellowfin Tuna Other Tuna SBT??? Southern Northern Other Finfish Abundance (exploitable/ spawing etc) BigEye Tuna Broadbill Swordfish Striped Marlin SkipJack Tuna Sharks THREE BASIC CATEGORIES Target/Major ByProduct 1. Species by itself Minor Byproduct 2. Species is mostly taken in another fishery, that fishery will deal with the species explicitly and comprehensively 3. Other – nobody, including this fishery takes a significant (relevant to the stock) amount Non-Retained Non-Retained Species Capture Threatened Species Direct Damage but no Capture Other These SPECIES are NEVER wanted to be caught - if possible eradicate all from catch Non-Retained Rock Lobster Non-Retained Species Captured in pots Direct impact but not captured by Pots Protected Species Other Turtles Sealions Moray Eels Leatherback Turtles Whales/ Dolphins Manta Rays THREE BASIC CATEGORIES Major Non – Retained 1. Species by itself Protected/Threatened 1. Species by itself Minor Non-retained (group) 2. Group (minor - determined by a risk assessment for each species) General Ecosystem Impacts on the biological community through removal of/damage to organisms addition/movement of biological material Other Air quality Bait collection Stock enhancement Fuel usage/Exhaust Fishing (all removals) (eg trophic levels) Discarding/Provisioning Greenhouse gas emissions Ghost fishing Translocation Water quality Benthic Biota Debris Oil discharge Indirect Environmental issues Substrate quality Above low water mark Rock Lobster Environmental issues General Ecosystem Impacts on the biological community through removal of/damage to organisms Other addition/movement of biological material Air quality Water quality Fishing (eg trophic impacts) Bait (including imported bait issues) Debris Ghost fishing Disease Substrate quality Benthic biota Ecosystem Above low water mark Physical Impact on Coral Other Benthic Types Abrohlos Islands Camps Bird Interaction Indigenous Issues Indigenous Community Wellbeing Economic Value Employment Social Capital Cultural Values Pos/Neg Feelings It was thought that there should be an explicit discussion on the impacts on indigenous groups Traditional Fishing Access to Lands Other Contribution of the Fishery/Industry to: COMMUNITY WELLBEING Community Wellbeing Industry Community (ie the people directly employed and families) fishery/industry Economic benefits Local/regional Communities (as relevant to particular fishery) Dependent/sensitive communities Community A Community B Less dependent/sensitive communities Community A Community B etc Lifestyle Industry Structure Resource Dependency (Employment Economics) other values (positive/negative feelings) social capital other values (positive/negative feelings) The types of communities range from the industry itself to small dependent communities to those that are not dependent NATIONAL WELLBEING National Socio-Economic Well-being Economic net economic return Social Health Benefits/Risks Seafood Consumption The broadest community addressed is at the national level Seafood Quality Employment Import replacement Attitudes to fishery Existence values Contribution to cultural values Distribution of Benefits Governance Governance Government Management Agency Management Legal Framework Industry Policy capabilities Consultation Reporting others (NGOs etc) codes of conduct watchdog role participation representativeness (proven constituency) proactive policy seafood health Effectiveness access rights Participation (incl MACs) Plans OCS arrangements Communication Compliance Other Laws Reviews and Audit Economic Instruments peak bodies Information Inter-Agency COoperation Allocation These components address whether there are the appropriate mechanisms to actually achieve the objectives listed in the previous 7 trees. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To have acceptable levels of governance Is the management plan being effective? Is Catch or Effort remaining within acceptable limits Does the management plan have the 10 key elements? Is there effective compliance? Is there effective consultation and reporting? ESD Assessment Tools One of the initiatives of the ESD subprogram is the compilation of information on each of the major fisheries into an Assessment Manual to assist in the development of ESD reports and their assessment. Assessment Headings 1. VULNERABILITY TO FISHING 2. • • • BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS Spawning Biomass Lowest Level Reached Max. Exploitation Rate 3. ECONOMIC REFERENCE POINTS • MSY/MEY Assessment Headings 4. INDICATORS OF ABUNDANCE (Robustness) • Catch • Catch Rate • Independent Survey • Current Stock Size (Models) • Probability of meeting “target” • Mean Size • Recruit. Surveys Assessment Headings 5. MANAGEMENT RESPONSES (Effectiveness of tools) • Size Limits • Reproductive • Closures • Effort • Output 6. ECOSYSTEM • Impacts on Prey • Impacts on Predators Assessment Manual INDIVIDUAL FISHERY REPORTS Overall General Bycatch Listed Species Ghost Fishing Benthic Effects Discards/ Prov. Hand gathered LOW Nil NIL NIL NIL NEGL. Line LOW LOW LOW NIL LOW LOW Potting/ Trapping LOW LOW LOW- MOD MODHIGH LOW- MOD NEGL. Haul Nets LOW – MOD MOD LOW NEGL. LOW -MOD LOW Purse Seine LOW – MOD LOW LOW – HIGH NEGL. NEGL. LOW Longlines LOW-MOD LOW LOW-HIGH LOW NEGL. NEGL. Demersal Gillnets LOW MOD MOD LOW - MOD NEGL. LOW Prawn Trawl MODHIGH MOD – HIGH LOW – HIGH NIL MOD- HIGH MOD Fish trawl HIGH MOD – HIGH LOW – HIGH NIL HIGH LOW -MOD Dredge HIGH MOD LOW-MOD NIL HIGH HIGH Method