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Chapter 13 Energy What is Energy Remember…Work = force x distance! Energy = the ability to do work So energy gives us the ability to cause a force to move some object to do work -energy is transferred from one object to another Power Remember…Power = Work ÷ time If work is just energy being transferred, then power is the measure of the amount of energy being transferred within a set time. Power = Energy transferred / time Connections • ENERGY IS WORK! • No matter how you do the work (with or without simple machines), the amount of work done is the same. • No matter how you transfer energy (with or without simple machines), the amount of energy transferred is the same. Major Energy Types • Kinetic Energy- (“moving energy”) energy an object has because it is moving • Potential Energy- (“stored energy”) energy an object possesses but has not used yet –The object is not moving yet, but it could…it has the potential to move Kinetic Energy (KE) • KE = (mass)(velocity2) 2 • *measured in Joules -If mass increases, then KE increases -if velocity increases, then KE increases Potential Energy (PE) • There are many types of PE…but the ones we will study are Gravitational PE and Elastic PE Gravitational PE • Gravitational PE = PE that depends on how high off the ground the object is sitting • Gravitational PE = Weight x Height *measured in Joules -If weight increases, the PE increases -If height increases, the PE increases KE and PE Can Act Together • The girl in the air has both KE and PE • Her KE is the energy that it took to throw her into the air and the movement of her falling • Her PE is the energy that she has once she is at the very top of the throw, right before she starts to fall. Here, she is not in motion and has the potential to fall. Her PE turns into KE when she starts falling. Elastic PE • Elastic PE = PE created when objects are stretched or compressed – When you stretch a rubber band, it has the potential to snap back to its original shape. When you flick one across the room, you are transferring the elastic PE from the stretch into KE when you release it to make it fly. – When you squeeze a stress ball, it has the potential to decompress. Elastic PE is transferred into KE when it returns to its original shape. Formulas • Work = Energy = force x distance • Measured in Joules • Power = Work / time = Energy transferred / time • Measured in Watts • KE = (mass)(velocity2) 2 • Measured in Joules • Gravitational PE = Weight x Height • Measured in Joules