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PE - Biomechanics Learning Objectives… To understand Newton's laws To be able to link Newton’s laws to sporting examples. To understand the application of forces Newton’s First Law of Motion A body continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external force. Sporting Examples: “ A football will stay on the penalty spot until kicked” “A hockey ball will remain still until hit by the stick” “ A football will roll until slowed by friction or another player” “ A hockey ball will not fall from the air without the application of gravity” Newton’s First Law of Motion A body continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external force. Newton’s First Law of Motion A body continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external force. PUSH or PULLS can alter a body (object) in the following ways •Cause a body to move (as seen in the previous slide) •Cause a body to accelerate •Cause a body to decelerate •Cause a body to change direction •Cause a body to change shape Forces Can Cause a body to accelerate Sporting example: Sailing boat. The force that causes the boat to acceleration is the wind. Forces Can Cause a body to decelerate Sporting example: Sailing boat. The force that causes the boat to deceleration is the wind. Forces Can Cause a body to change direction Sporting example: Tennis The force that causes the Ball to change direction is the racket impact. Forces Can - Ball shape is compressed by the force of the club head on impact Cause a body to change shape Sporting example: Golf The force that causes the ball to change shape is the impact from the club head. Newton’s Second Law of Motion When a force acts on an object, the motion experienced by the object is proportional to the size of the force and in the direction in which it is applied. Sporting Examples: “If you kick a football hard, it will go a long way” “If you kick a football softly it wont go very far” “If you hit a hockey ball to the left, it will go left” “If you hit a hockey ball to the right, it will go right” Newton’s Third Law of Motion For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Sporting Examples: “If a rugby player pushes to the left with their foot, they swerve to the right.” “A high jumper needs to push down on the ground to be able to go up.” A football goalkeeper needs to push to the left with their feet in order to dive to the right.” Reaction force is the goal keeper lifting into the air in the opposite direction Action force is the goal keeper pushing down into the floor