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4
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Chapter Summary
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Chapter Assessment Questions
Transparencies
Standardized Test Practice
Video Clips
and Animations
Chapter
4
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Chapter
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Chapter
4
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Object Suspended by a String
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Forces Exerted on the Book
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Ball Tied to a String
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Ball Held in Your Hand
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A Stretched Rubber Band Applying a
Constant Force on the Cart
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4
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The Cart’s Motion Shown in a Linear Relationship
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Acceleration of Cart
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Force-Acceleration Graph
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Common Forces
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A Table Being Pushed in Opposite Directions
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Combining Forces
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Types of Forces
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Net Force on the Ball
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A Person Stepping on a Bathroom Scale
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The System in Equilibrium
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Fighting Over a Toy
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The Mass of a Block and a Sphere
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An Elevator Accelerating Upward
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Real and Apparent Weight
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The Drag Force on an Object
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Identifying Interaction Forces
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A Soccer Ball on a Table on Earth
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Earth’s Acceleration
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A Suitcase on a Stationary Airport Luggage Cart
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The Tension in a Rope
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Tension Forces at work in a Tug-of-war
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Lifting a Bucket
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The Normal Force on an Object
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Man on Weighing Scale
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Parts of a Portable Weighing Scale
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Ramon Pushing a Bed Against the Wall
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A Block in Four Different Situations
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The Label of a Product
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Three Blocks Stacked on Top of One Another
Chapter
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Tug-of-war Between a Boy and a
Girl Using a Massless Rope
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Instrument Attached to a Weather Balloon
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Two Blocks Being Pushed Against a Frictionless Force
Chapter
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Two Blocks Tied Together Using a Massless Rope
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Three Blocks Connected with Massless Strings
Chapter
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Position-Time Graph of Two Cars in Motion
Chapter
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Standardized Test Practice (Q. 1)
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Standardized Test Practice (Q. 8)
Chapter
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Transparencies
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Transparencies
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Transparencies
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Chapter
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Transparencies
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Chapter
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Transparencies
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Chapter
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Video Clips and Animations
Forces Exerted on the Book
Chapter
4
Video Clips and Animations
The Rubber Band Applying a Constant Force on the Cart
Chapter
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Video Clips and Animations
Free Body Diagrams
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Chapter
4
Video Clips and Animations
Apparent Weight
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Chapter
4
Video Clips and Animations
Drag Force and Terminal Velocity
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Section
4.1
Chapter Summary
Force and Motion
An object that experiences a push or a pull has a force exerted
on it.
Forces have both direction and magnitude.
Forces may be divided into contact and field forces.
In a free-body diagram, always draw the force vectors leading
away from the object, even if the force is a push.
The forces acting upon an object can be added using vector
addition to find the net force.
Section
4.1
Chapter Summary
Force and Motion
Newton’s second law states that the acceleration of a system
equals the net force acting on it, divided by its mass.
Newton’s first law states that an object that is at rest will remain
at rest, and an object that is moving will continue to move in a
straight line with constant speed, if and only if the net force
acting on that object is zero.
An object with no net force acting on it is in equilibrium.
Section
4.2
Chapter Summary
Using Newton’s Laws
The weight of an object depends upon the acceleration due to
gravity and the mass of the object.
An object’s apparent weight is the force an object experiences
as a result of the contact forces acting on it, giving the object an
acceleration.
An object with no apparent weight experiences weightlessness.
Section
4.2
Chapter Summary
Using Newton’s Laws
The effect of drag on an object’s motion is determined by the
object’s weight and its surface area.
If a falling object reaches a velocity such that the drag force is
equal to the object’s weight, it maintains that velocity, called the
terminal velocity.
Section
4.3
Chapter Summary
Interaction Forces
All forces result from interactions between objects.
Newton’s third law states that the two forces that make up an
interaction pair of forces are equal in magnitude, but opposite in
direction and act on different objects.
In an interaction pair, F A on B does not cause F B on A. The two
forces either exist together or not.
Section
4.3
Chapter Summary
Interaction Forces
Tension is the specific name for the force exerted by a rope or
string.
The normal force is a support force resulting from the contact of
two objects. It is always perpendicular to the plane of contact
between the two objects.
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice
4
Question 1
1.
What is the acceleration of
the car described by the
graph on the right?
A. 0.20 m/s2
C. 1.0 m/s2
B. 0.40 m/s2
D. 2.5 m/s2
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice
4
Question 2
2.
What distance will the car
described by the above graph
have traveled after 4.0 s?
A. 13 m
C. 80 m
B. 40 m
D. 90 m
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice
4
Question 3
3.
If the car in the graph on the
right maintains a constant
acceleration, what will its
velocity be after 10 s?
A. 10 km/h
C. 90 km/h
B. 25 km/h
D. 120 km/h
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice
4
Question 4
4.
In a tug-of-war, 13 children, with an average mass of 30 kg each, pull
westward on a rope with an average force of 150 N per child. Five
parents, with an average mass of 60 kg each, pull eastward on the
other end of the rope with an average force of 475 N per adult.
Assuming that the whole mass accelerates together as a single entity,
what is the acceleration of the system?
A. 0.62 m/s2 E
B. 2.8 m/s2 W
C. 3.4 m/s2 E
D. 6.3 m/s2 W
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice
4
Question 5
5.
What is the weight of a 225-kg space probe on the Moon? The
acceleration of gravity on the Moon is 1.62 m/s2.
A. 139 N
B. 364 N
C. 1.35×103 N
D. 2.21×103 N
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice
4
Question 6
6.
A 45-kg child sits on a 3.2-kg tire swing. What is the tension in
the rope that hangs from a tree branch?
A. 310 N
B. 4.4×102 N
C. 4.5×102 N
D. 4.7×102 N
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice
4
Question 7
7.
The tree branch mentioned in Question 6 sags and the child’s
feet rest on the ground. If the tension in the rope is reduced to
220 N, what is the value of the normal force being exerted on
the child’s feet?
A. 2.2×102 N
B. 2.5×102 N
C. 4.3×102 N
D. 6.9×102 N
Chapter
Standardized Test Practice
4
Question 8
8.
According the graph on the
right, what is the force being
exerted on the 16-kg cart?
A. 4 N
C. 16 N
B. 8 N
D. 32 N
Chapter
4
Standardized Test Practice
Extended Answer
9
Draw a free-body diagram of a dog sitting on a scale in an elevator.
Using words and mathematical formulas, describe what happens to
the apparent weight of the dog when: the elevator accelerates
upward, the elevator travels at a constant speed downward, and the
elevator falls freely downward.
Chapter
4
Standardized Test Practice
Test-Taking TIP
Maximize Your Score
If possible, find out how your standardized test will be scored. In
order to do your best, you need to know if there is a penalty for
guessing, and if so, what the penalty is. If there is no randomguessing penalty at all, you should always fill in an answer, even if
you have not read the question.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Question 1
If a golf ball, a cricket ball and a bowling ball are thrown with a same
force, which ball will move with a greater acceleration?
A. Golf ball
B. Cricket ball
C. Bowling ball
D. The three balls will have equal acceleration.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer 1
Answer: B
Reason: As
, the lesser the mass the greater is the
acceleration. Since golf ball has least mass, it will move
with greater acceleration.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Question 2
Jack is boating in a river applying a contact force of 30 N, in a
direction opposite to the flow of water, at the same time the water is
exerting a force of 30 N on the boat. In which direction will the boat
move?
A. The boat will move in the direction of the flow of water.
B. The boat will not move at all.
C. The boat will move back and forth within a particular distance.
D. The boat will move in the direction opposite to the flow of water.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer 2
Answer: B
Reason: Since two equal and opposite forces are acting together,
the net force is zero. Hence, the boat will not move at all.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Question 3
What is inertia?
A. Force.
B. Tendency of a body to stay only at rest.
C. Tendency of a body to move with constant acceleration.
D. Tendency of a body to move with constant velocity.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer 3
Answer: D
Reason: Inertial of a body is the tendency of a body to stay at rest
and/or to move with constant velocity, remember being at
rest is simply a special case of state of constant velocity,
v = 0 m/s.
Chapter
Chapter Assessment Questions
4
Question 4
If the weight of a person on Earth is 120 N, what will his weight be
on the Moon? (Gravity on Moon is six times less than the gravity on
Earth.)
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer 4
Answer: A
Reason: Gravity on Moon is
Mass of the person is
(since mass = weight/g)
Weight of person on Moon = Gravity on Moon × mass of
person
So, weight of the person on Moon =
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Question 5
What happens when the drag force is equal to the force of
gravity?
A. Object comes to rest.
B. Object moves with constant acceleration.
C. Object moves with constant velocity.
D. Velocity of the object increases.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer 5
Answer: C
Reason: When drag force equals the force due to gravity, the net
force acting on the object is zero. As a result of which, the
object moves with constant velocity, which is called
terminal velocity.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Question 6
If a table-tennis ball, a football and a baseball are dropped in air
which ball will have the greater terminal velocity?
A. Table-tennis ball
B. Football
C. Baseball
D. All the balls will reach the terminal velocity at the same time.
Chapter
4
Chapter Assessment Questions
Answer 6
Answer: C
Reason: When light objects with large surface areas are falling, the
drag force has a substantial effect on their motion, and
they quickly reach terminal velocity. Heavier more compact
objects are not affected as much by the drag force.
Baseball being heavier and more compact will have the
greater terminal velocity in air.
Chapter
4
Forces in One Dimension
End of Chapter Resource File