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The Graviton Equations By Robert de Hilster NPA Conference 2008 Albuquerque, NM Wikipedia.com Is gravity like other forces? Because it does not depend on a particular space time background, general relativity is said to be background independent. In contrast the Standard Model (particle physics) is not background independent. In other words general relativity and the Standard Model are incompatible. A theory of quantum gravity is needed to reconcile these differences. Quantum Versus Continuum • Newton’s gravity equation and General Relativity describe a continuum • Can a continuum generate force (? my own question) • This research is to try and show the difference between a continuum and a quantum force of gravity • The quantum is defined here as a graviton Four Postulates • The Graviton – A particle with mass and velocity coming from all directions • Absorption Rate – Matter absorbs the graviton per unit distance • Pushing Force – the graviton imparts a pushing force on matter when absorbed • Absorption Constant (Abc) – Absorption rate is proportional to density, hence: Ab(e) = Ab(c) * De How the graviton causes gravity Terms • • • • Np: The Number of paths, 64,800 Ng: The number of gravitons per path, 1 Ab(e): The absorption rate for the earth Z(e): The distance that the graviton travels through the earth The Number of Gravitons Imposed on the Moon in one Plane Include all Planes The Net Number of Gravitons Imposed on the Moon To Get the Force • Zm: Distance the graviton travels through the moon • Abm: The absorption rate of the moon • Fg: The average force, in Newtons, that the graviton imposes on any object The Force Imposed on the Moon The Graviton Equation The Absorption Constant • The absorption rate is equal to the Absorption constant times the density of the object • Abe = Abc * De • Abm = Abc * Dm • Abc must have units of m^2/Kg, if (1-Ze*Abc*De) is to be dimensionless The Graviton Equation with Density Mathematical Calculations • Using an arbitrary-length precision math package (C++) on a PC • Using 150 decimal places Summing values to zero were zero Similar areas gave identical values • Graviton calculations have very large counts with very small values • Calculations can take up to 3 days on a PC Calculations • • • • Np = 64,800 = 180 * 360 Abc = 1E-25 (arbitrary) Fg = 1(used as a scaling factor) What is the force on the Moon? Force on the Moon Force on the Moon Np*Ng = 64,800 Abc = 1E-25, Fg = -9.94E+59 8E+23 Force, Newtons 7E+23 6E+23 5E+23 Newton Graviton 4E+23 3E+23 2E+23 1E+23 0 1 24 2 3 4 5 6 384 Distance, Mega-meters 7 8 3,075 Particle or Continuum • As a particle, with mass and velocity it: – can impose a force on matter – can be absorbed – takes finite space • As a continuum it – needs a mechanism to impose force Gravitational Acceleration • From a Physics Book • Altitude (m) g (m/sec^2) 0 9.80171 500 9.80017 1000 9.79864 2000 9.79554 4000 9.78937 8000 9.77702 16000 9.75233 32000 9.70296 Curve for g, 8 Data Points Gravitational Acceleration Np = 648K, Abc = 1E-25, Fg = -7.23E+35 g, m/sec^2 9.85 9.80 9.75 Graviton g 9.70 Newton g 9.65 g(Book) 9.60 1 0 2 3 4 5 6 2K Distance, meters 7 8 32K Curve for g, 20 data points Gravitational Acceleration Np = 648K, Abc = 1E-25, Fg = -7.23E+35 12.00 g, m/sec^2 10.00 8.00 Graviton g 6.00 Newton g 4.00 g(Book) 2.00 0.00 1 3 0 5 7 9 11 13 32K Distance, meters 15 17 19 128M How can the curves be so Similar? • Similar Curves • Different Equations Newton’s Third letter to Bentley • That gravity should be innate, inherent and essential to matter, so that one body may act upon another at a distance through a vacuum, without the mediation of anything else, by and through which their action and force may be conveyed from one to another, is to me so great an absurdity, that I believe that no man who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty for thinking, can ever fall into it.