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Exploration and Expansion 1400 – 1700 •1. •2. •3. •4. Voyages of Discovery Conquest and Colonies New Patterns of Trade The Atlantic Slave Trade •What drove explorers from the rest of Europe? 1200 - 1800 1. Voyages of Discovery Pre Columbian Map of the Known world • Briefly describe the distortions of the map. 1200 - 1800 Drive for European Exploration How did these factors contribute towards exploration? 1. Crusades 2. Renaissance 3. Reformation 4. Nation –States 5. Technological Advances 6. Fame and Fortune 1200 - 1800 New Maritime Technologies •The Rediscovery of the New World (Vikings in AD 1000) in the 15th century would not have happened without key advancements in technology. Match the term with the picture! Please provide a description of each one. ►Hartman Astrolabe (1532) – ►Mariner’s Compass – ►Sextant – ►Better Maps [Portulan] – 1200 - 1800 New Weapons Technology ►Caravel – ►How did the caravel lead to advancements in exploration? ►Invention of gun powder 1200 - 1800 2. Conquest and Colonies • • What two countries are located on the Iberian Peninsula? Two countries that kicked off the age of exploration 1200 - 1800 T he Portuguese Portugal was the first country to launch largescale voyages of exploration Who is this and what did he do? 1200 - 1800 Discoveries of Islands in the Atlantic • • The Canary Islands – These islands are located immediately off the coast of Africa. – Portugal signed an agreement with Spain, known as the Treaty of Alcacovas, in 1479. The Azores Islands – These islands are located approximately 1200 miles from the Iberian Peninsula. – These nation-states are one-third of the way to the New World. – What was the significance of the Treaty of Alcacovas? – Why were the islands called the Canary Islands? 1200 - 1800 Portuguese Maritime Empire in A frica Vasco da Gama Bartholomew Diaz Pedro Cabral Place the correct person next to the picture and identify their explorations 1. Bartholomew Diaz 1. Vasco da Gama Place the picture and the person where they explored. 1200 - 1800 The Spanish Briefly describe the characters in the picture. Who are they? What is going on? 1200 - 1800 Christofo Colon [1451-1506] 1200 - 1800 T he Admiral of T he Atlantic •For each journey, identify where Columbus explored (use the map and text on the next page to help) •First Voyage – •Second Voyage •Third Voyage •Fourth Voyage 1200 - 1800 ’Four Voyages on Map 1200 - 1800 Americus Vespucci • Why is America named in this man’s honor? 1200 - 1800 Vasco Nunez de Balboa • What did Balboa discover? Ferdinand Magellan • For what was Ferdinand Magellan famous? 1200 - 1800 1200 - 1800 Other Voyages of Exploration 1200 - 1800 The English • • John and Sebastian Cabot (1497-1501) Sir Francis Drake – 1200 - 1800 The Dutch • • By the early years of the 1600’s, the Netherlands, once a Spanish possession, had become a powerful trading nation Henry Hudson – Atlantic Explorations 1200 - 1800 Conquest and Colonies Official European Colony! Explorers • Place the information in the correct order! • What two European countries dominated South America? • What two or three European countries dominated North America? • • Thus began the first wave of immigration to America What is the second? The third?? The fourth??? When? 1200 - 1800 Spain Builds an Empire • What was the Encomienda system – • How did it affect the Natives? 1200 - 1800 Spanish Conquests: T he Aztecs Mexico vs. •Fernando Cortez – •Montezuma II – 1200 - 1800 T he Death of Montezuma II •Cortez advantages – •On November 8, 1519, battle erupted and Montezuma was killed; 1200 - 1800 Mexico Surrenders to Cortez 1200 - 1800 Spanish Conquest: T he Incas Peru vs. •Francisco Pizarro •Atahualpa 1200 - 1800 Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World ► Result – disease and mistreatment led to 90% fatality rate – 50 million to 4 million 1200 - 1800 Father Bartolome de Las Casas •Who was he and what did he want to do? New Laws 1542 1200 - 1800 T he Pope’s Line of Demarcation •What was the line of demarcation? Treaty of Tordesillas, •What were the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas? 1200 - 1800 1200 - 1800 French Colonization • Where some areas that the French explored? 1200 - 1800 Dutch Exploration • Where did the Dutch explore? 1200 - 1800 English Colonization • How did the Elizabethan Seas Dogs help establish Great Britain as the dominant power in the world? 1200 - 1800 The Founding of Virginia • Jamestown-1607 1200 - 1800 Captain John Smith • Who is he? T he Virginia Colony •What was the chief crop of the Virginia colony? Who are the two in the image? The Failure of Jamestown • The settlement was doomed to fail from the beginning. • • • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1200 - 1800 The French and Indian War in North America • Who won the French and Indian War? • Why was it significant? George Washington 1200 - 1800 European Empires in the Americas 1200 - 1800 3. New Patterns of Trade • What were some of the major crops that the United States traded with the rest of the world? 1200 - 1800 New Colonial Rivals •Briefly explain the Triangular Trade? 1200 - 1800 T he “Columbian Exchange” Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Keanwa! Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough 1200 - 1800 The Introduction to New Diseases • European diseases spread to the Americas – small pox, measles, influenza, and malaria • Mexico – decreased by 30% in the first ten years of contact with Europeans • Inca empire decreased from about 13 million to 2 million people from 1492 to 1600 • North America – 2 million to 500,000 from 1492 to 1600 Mercantilism • What was Mercantilism? 1200 - 1800 1200 - 1800 Balance of Trade • What is a tariff? 1200 - 1800 The Rise of Capitalism • What is capitalism? 1200 - 1800 4. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade •Where did most slaves go to? 1200 - 1800 Origins of the Slave Trade 1. Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. 2. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans slaves. Sugar cane & sugar plantations in the Americas were in need of labor First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. 275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries. 3. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas. 1200 - 1800 T he Middle Passage 1200 - 1800 “Coffin” Position Below Deck 1200 - 1800 A frican Captives T hrown Overboard 1200 - 1800 Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill 1200 - 1800 Effects of the Slave Trade • African Diaspora –
