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Western
Europe
Age of Exploration
Why did it take place?
• The Age of Exploration was
rooted in new technologies
and ideas growing out of
the Renaissance.
• Included advances in
cartography, navigation and
shipbuilding. Many people
wanted to find a route to Asia
through the west of Europe.
• Developed a curiosity in people.
Why was exploration important to Europe?
• European traders traveled across the
Mediterranean in search of spices
and riches.
• Why spices?
• Used to preserve food before
there were refrigerators
• Were in a high demand in
Europe.
• Improve flavor
• Cinnamon, pepper,
nutmeg and cloves
Why was there a need to explore?
• European merchants knew that if they could trade
directly with Asia (people who had spices) they
could make enormous profits.
• Began to search for new routes to Asia
• Needed a shorter and more direct route
Other reasons for exploration . . .
• Review . . .
• Need for trade routes to Asia
• Desire for spices
• Curiosity about new areas developed from the Renaissance
• Desire for new land
• Nations of Europe competed with each other in the 1400’s for
political and economic power.
• In order to improve their economic strength, they needed more
natural resources.
• Establishing colonies provided new markets for their goods.
• Gold, God & Glory
• Some explorers desired fame and riches
• Others – mostly Catholics – wanted to spread their religion
• Decrease the influence of Muslims – Spread their culture
through trade . . . Who brought the spices to Europe first?
Summarizing Activity
• Match the reason for exploration with the correct
description . . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
New Land
Spice Trade
Renaissance Movement
God, Gold & Glory
A. Spirit of curiosity
about the world
B. Spread of Religion
C. Motivation to find
new routes to Asia
D. Improved economic
strength and
influence
Who were the leaders in exploration?
Portugese Explorers
• Prince Henry the Navigator (1394 – 1460)
• From Portugal
• Began worldwide exploration
• Paid for over 50 Portuguese explorations into
Western Africa
• Believed a path around Africa would be a
shortcut to Asia
• Returned with gold dust, ivory and
navigation knowledge
• Founded a School of Navigation in 1450
• Teach new methods of traveling across the
seas
• Plan expeditions using latest maps, tools and
knowledge of ocean winds and currents
• Paid mapmakers to create detailed maps
of new explorations.
Summarizing Activity – Think, Pair,
Share
• List four accomplishments of Prince Henry
the Navigator.
1.
2.
3.
4.
• Bartholomew Dias (1450 – 1500)
• Rounded the southern tip of Africa in
1488
• Named it the Cape of Good Hope
• Vasco de Gama (1469 – 1524)
• Reached the coast of India
• Took 317 days and 13,500 miles
• First European to discover a sea
route to Asia
By the time Prince
Henry the Navigator
died in 1460, the
Portuguese had ventured
around the great bulge
of western Africa and
reached India.
They control the seas.
Who were the leaders in exploration?
Spanish Explorers
• Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)
• Italian who sailed for Spain
• Believed the shortest way to Asia was to
sail directly west – tried in 1492
• One of first Europeans to discover the
Americas – The Bahamas
• Was responsible for beginning European
exploration to the New World
• Voyages led to the eventual
establishment of colonies in the New
World
Christopher Columbus’ First Journey
• Ferdinand Magellan
(1480 - 1521)
• His crew was the first to
circumnavigate the globe – which
proved the Earth was round.
• It took 3 years to return to
Spain
• He was killed before they got
home – died in the Philippines.
• Circumnavigate
• To sail completely around
• Animaniacs - Ballad of Magellan
Astrolabe
used to
measure the
position of
the sun and
stars in
relation to
the horizon
Ferdinand Magellan’s Trip Around the World
Other Famous Explorers…
•
Amerigo Vespucci
•
•
•
•
Leif Erickson
•
•
•
From France
Explored the St. Lawrence
Seaway
•
•
•
•
From Portugal
Discovered the first sea route to
Brazil
From Spain
Explored Latin America
Hernando Desoto
•
•
•
From Spain
Searched for the Fountain of Youth in
Florida
Francisco Pizarro
•
•
•
From Spain
Explored Latin America
Ponce de Leon
•
•
From Norway
Explored Newfoundland, in
Canada
Pedro Cabral
Hernando Cortes
•
•
From Italy
Traveled the Silk Road to China
Jacques Cartier
•
•
•
From Italy
Explored South America
Marco Polo
•
•
•
From Spain
Discovered the Mississippi River
Vasco de Balboa
•
•
•
Spain
Crossed the Isthmus of Panama
1st to see the Pacific Ocean from the
New World
What countries held the major colonial empires?
Great Britain
France
Portugal
Spain
Portuguese Empire
• West Coast of Africa
• Gold and Slaves
• South America
• Brazil
• Gold and Sugar
• Africa and Asia
• Important trading posts in coastal areas
• Focus was on trade vs. taking over new lands
Spanish Empire
•
•
•
South America
•
Pacific Islands (Philippines)
•
Caribbean
• Cuba, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic
North America (Western USA, Mexico)
Central America
Spanish Empire
• Largest and Strongest Empire
• Latin America
• Mexico, Central America and South America
• Conquered the Aztec and Inca
• Made money from gold and silver found in the Americas
• Used to finance military wars & buy Asian silk and spices
• Spread Catholic religion major part of exploration
• North Africa
• Established in late 1400’s and early 1500’s
• Protect trade interests
• Claimed the Phillipines for King Phillip II – location of
Magellan’s death
Summarizing Activity – True or False
• Portugal
• Portugal’s rulers had no
interest in exploration or
in using the seas for trade.
• Portugal was more
interested in conquering a
land and its people than in
trade.
• Spain
• Brazil was conquered by
Spain.
• The Philippine Islands
were named after a
Spanish queen.
• Spain was interested in
spreading the Catholic
religion.
• Spain established a large
settlement in southern
Africa to protect its trade
interests.
British Empire
• North America (Canada, USA)
• Caribbean (Bahamas, Jamaica)
• Africa
• Australia & New Zealand
• Asia (India)
British Empire
•
One of the most powerful empires in history.
• Controlled 1/5 of the world’s land at its peak in the 1900’s.
•
1600-1700’s
• Est. tobacco plantations in the Caribbean
• Colonies along the coast of North America
• Colonists came seeking religious freedom
•
1600 – Chartered the East India Company
• Traded in the East Indies – India and SE Asia
• 1858 – India became a colony of Great Britain
•
Late 1600’s – first explored Australia
• Strong colonial presence in late 1700’s after American independence.
• Major reason for colonization
• Mercantilism – economic policy where the colonies helped the mother
country by providing valuable natural resources and a market for goods
French Empire
•
•
Samuel de Champlain founded the
colony of Quebec as a trading post in
1608.
•
Similar to the Spanish, the French
were very interested in spreading
their religion to the lands they
colonized.
•
India and SE Asia
•
Africa & Madagascar
North America
•
•
•
Central USA (Louisiana)
Eastern Canada
Caribbean (Haiti)
Summarizing Activity
• In which 2 areas did Great
Britain establish colonies in
North America?
• Which colony became more
important to England after
losing the American colonies?
• What company established
trade between England, India
and SE Asia?
• Samuel de Champlain
founded a trading post where
in 1608?
• Which country became a
colony of England in 1858?
• What was the name of the
French territory in central
North America?
• What is an economic policy
where colonies exist to
increase the wealth of the
mother country?
India
Caribbean
Louisiana
Atlantic coast
Australia
East India
Mercantilism
Quebec
What were the effects of exploration?
• Imperialism
• One country controls the government
or economy of another country – in
order to form an empire.
• Indigenous populations were
forced to change their cultural
traditions to those of the
conquering country.
• Indigenous – born and living in a
place, rather than coming from
somewhere else
• Religious Conversion
• European monarchs were
Christians
• Sent missionaries to convert
indigenous people
• Spread of Disease
• Explorers spread disease to indigenous people
because they didn’t have immunity (natural
resistance to disease)
• Smallpox – only disease to be completely eradicated today
• Malaria – spread by mosquitoes
• Measles – can spread through fluids (nose/mouth) or
airborne presents as a rash
• Slavery
• Increase in slave trade
• Purchased to work the
land and replace many
indigenous (native)
people who had died
from European diseases.
• Estimated 10-12 million
Africans forced into
slavery between 15001800.
What were the effects of exploration on Europe?
• European countries founded many new colonies
• Imperialism
• As new lands = new natural resources
• Fertile soil, furs, etc.
• European countries became very competitive with one another
• Each trying to become the MOST powerful
• Most land, most resources, most money, largest military
BE SURE TO STUDY FOR THE
QUIZ!!!
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What was the Renaissance?
3 key individuals of the Renaissance
Importance of the printing press
3 G’s – be able to apply information
Prince Henry and Magellan
Location of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires
East India Trading Company
Major Reasons for exploration