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Exploration and the
Colombian Exchange
Chapter 16
The World Economy

Do Now:
 What
were the motives for
and the results of the
European exploration and
colonization of the
Americas?
What motivated Europeans to
explore the Atlantic?
Motives:
(Gold, Glory, God)
 Wanted to avoid the Ottomans and their growing
power in the Middle East
 Needed gold to pay for Asian spices
 Why Europe?
◦ Used explosives as gunnery (guns and cannons)

 “unprecedented ability to kill and intimidate from a
distance”
◦ Compass and astrolabe
◦ better ships (deep-draft round hulled sailing
ships), and mapmaking skills
◦ Desire for goods from East
Why did the Iberians lead the
way?
Italian city-states were wealthy and had
access to the east and favorable trade
agreements with the Muslims
 Mediterranean ships were ill-suited for
weather in Atlantic Ocean
 Iberians had a history of hostility with the
Muslims (Ferdinand and Isabella) and did
not have direct access to Med. trade
 Missionary zeal

Iberians lead the way….


Portugal:
◦ Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored many of
the voyages
◦ Sailors rounded tip of Africa into Indian Ocean
◦ Sail to Brazil and claim it for Portugal
◦ Forts along coast of Africa
Spain
◦ Columbus, sailing west ended up in the West
Indies (Hispaniola)
◦ Magellan- crew circumnavigated the globe and
claimed the Philippines
Northern Europeans Join In
Dutch- SE Asia, Indonesia
 British- North America, Caribbean

1588-British beat the Spanish Armada
French-North America and Caribbean
 Dutch East India Company & British East
India Company- given gov’t monopolies
on trade with little regulation

European Exploration
European Colonization
Why did the Europeans begin to look for
a new water route to Asia?
2. What technology enabled this to
happen?
3. Why did the Iberians lead the charge?
4. What was the initial impact of their
voyages?
1.
REVIEW
The Colombian Exchange
Diseases wiped out 80% of indigenous people
or more in some areas
 Spread crops, animals, and flora –led to
population increases
 Europeans began to dominate oceanic
shipping (Battle of Lepanto- Spanish defeated
Ottomans, 1571)
 Europeans established ports along the coast of
Africa and formed enclaves of western traders
in other areas
 Coercive labor systems increased in
dependent zones

Impact of the Colombian Exchange
Mercantilism emerged-colonies are for the good
of the mother country/export more than you
import (favorable balance)
 Core nations Vs. dependent zones
 Protectionist tariffs
 Europeans began to conquer and colonize
(motivated by desire for profit, need to escape
religious persecution, and ambition)…Pizarro and
the Inca
 Competition between European powers increased
(Seven Years War)

EXIT QUESTION:
Was Columbus’ “Discovery” of the
Americas and the subsequent
colonization Genocide????