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DO NOW
Important Dates to transfer into your
agenda: NOTE: You have 18 days before
your next chapter test.
1. Sept. 4 19.1 (G.R.)
2. Sept. 11 19.2 (G.R.)
3. Sept. 18 19.3 (G.R.)
4. Sept. 19 Multi-media Travel Log Project
5. Sept. 25 Ch. 19 Test
Chapter 19 Objectives (Goals)
Please read
By the end of this unit students will be able
to:
1. Analyze European exploration of the East, the
rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the
trading empires of the Indian Ocean.
2. Describe the Ming and Qing dynasties, their
effect on foreign counties, and what life was
like in China during this time period
3. Describe “Feudalism” in Japan, life in
Tokugawa Japan, and contact between Europe
and Japan in the 16th century.
Critical Thinking…
• List 3 reasons why a country would
choose to explore other lands.
• What do you believe fueled, drove,
influenced the age of exploration during
the 15th and 16th centuries?
Chapter 19
Section 1
Mr. Cass
An Age of Exploration and
Isolation
1400-1800
Factors of Influence
• Primary factor: Economics
– Control of trade with Asian countries
– Desire to grow rich with new sources of wealth
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Spirit of Adventure (Renaissance)
Population growth (post Renaissance/Plague)
Silk and spices
Advancements in sailing technology
Rise of power: Spain and Portugal
Spread Christianity
God, Glory, and Gold
Influence on World Today
• Today’s world
– Globalization (where were your clothes made?)
– Cultural, political, and economic interconnectedness
– Events (positive and negative) in one place affects all
• 15th and 16th centuries
– Portugal and Spain pioneer first European discovery of
sea routes
• Effects:
– First diffusion of culture begins
– World's continents interact
– Begins globalization
Commonalities of Globalization
then and Now
• What is the most common aspect of the
beginning of globalization during the Age
of Exploration and the globalization we live
with today?
• Asia!
– India and China in particular
Trade
• Crusades (war b/t Muslims
and Christians)
– Europeans introduced to
the Asia
– Demand for goods by
Europeans rise
• Italian advantage: geography
• Muslims and Italians control
trade b/t East and West
– Supply and demand
– By low sell high
– Italians purchase from
Muslims and re-sell to
Europe at higher price
Piece of the Pie
• European merchants
– England, Spain, Portugal,
Netherlands, and France
• Bypass the middle man –
Italians
• New sea route to Asia needed
• Africa
– Most direct water route to
Asia went around Africa
• By water: Spain to India –
14,000 miles; 19,000
• By land: 5,000
Christianity
• Crusades bitter pill
– Hostility between Christians and Muslims
• European’s desire for conversion
– Universalizing religion: conversion
– Three main universalizing religions are
Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism.
Technology
• Main problem
– European Ships and wind
• Solutions:
– The Caravel: light, small (65 ft.) and highly maneuverable
– Triangular sails: from Arabs
– Navigational tools: from Muslims
• The Astrolabe calculating latitude (north/south of equator)
– Compass: from China
Portugual
• Leads way in sail innovation
• Geography: Location
– First to establish trade along
African coast
• Strong government support
aided exploration
– King Henry
– Conquered Muslims and
experienced Asia’s culture
– Navigational School
• Bartolomew Dias reaches tip
of southern Africa (1488)
• Vasco de Gama reaches
Calicut, India – 28,000 miles
(1498)
Spain
• Christopher Columbus sails west to
reach Asia (1492)
• Reaches Caribbean instead
• Opens way for colonization of
Americas
• Columbus’s impact: increases tension
b/t Spain and Portugal
– Confusion over his voyage (Did
he reach Asia?)
• Pope to the rescue
– Treaty of Tordesillas: Imaginary
line (Line of Demarcation) drawn
through Atlantic
– All lands to the west of line =
Spain
– All lands to the east of line =
Portugal
– Portugal’s complaint and Brazil:
line moved further west
Portugal’s Trading Empire
• Violent conflict
– Establishment of trading
outposts lead to fighting
indigenous people
• Portuguese take control of
Muslim spice trade
– Defeat Muslim fleet with
use of cannons
– Take control of Straits of
Hormuz
– Connects Persian Gulf
and Arabian Sea and
stops Muslim trade route
Portugal Empire cont…
• Capture Goa, India
(west coast)
– Becomes capital of
empire
• Indonesia
– Capture Strait of
Malacca and control of
the Moluccas
– Spice Islands under
Portuguese control
English and Dutch
• By 1600 Dutch own largest fleet
• Dutch and English fleets erode Portugal’s hold
on Asia
• East India Trading Companies
– Established trading routes through Asia
– Dutch EITC was richer and thus drove out the English
• Dutch establish outposts on Java – Indonesia
– Seize Malacca and Spice Islands
• English focus: India
A New World
A New World cont…