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Big idea What happened during the Peloponnesian War? 1 The Peloponnesian war Present day Athens The Peloponnesian war was fought between Athens and Sparta, and other Greek city states that chose sides. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. The first stage was the Archidamian War Then came the Peace of Nicias Last came the Thirty years treaty. Warm Up Complete the matrix comparing Athens and Sparta in 440 BCE. Use the word bank to help you fill in all the information. Word Bank: Democracy Does not value art and music Delian League Oligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda 5 Democracy Athens Sparta Form of Government Economy Culture Relationship to outside world League Membership Word Bank Democracy Does not value art and music Delian League Oligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda 6 Government Economy Culture Relationship to outside world League Athens Sparta Democracy Oligarchy Trade Art/ music Valued Agriculture Art/ music NOT valued Isolated Open to world ideas Delian League Peloponnesian League Word Bank Democracy Does not value art and music Delian League Oligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda 7 Athens Sparta Form of Government Democracy Oligarchy Economy Trade Agriculture Culture Art/ music Valued Art/ music NOT valued Relationship to outside world Open to world ideas Isolated League Membership Delian League Peloponnesian League Word Bank Democracy: Democracy Delian League Agriculture (farming) Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Back 8 Does not value art and music A form of government in which people Oligarchy vote for their leaders Trade Agenda Athens Sparta Form of Government Democracy Oligarchy Economy Trade Agriculture Culture Art/ music Valued Art/ music NOT valued Relationship to outside world Open to world ideas Isolated League Membership Delian League Peloponnesian League Word Bank Delian League: Democracy Delian League Agriculture (farming) Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Back 9 Does not value art and music Greek alliance headed by Athens after the Oligarchy Persian War. (shown on the map in YELLOW) Trade Agenda Athens Sparta Form of Government Democracy Oligarchy Economy Trade Agriculture Culture Art/ music Valued Art/ music NOT valued Relationship to outside world Open to world ideas Isolated League Membership Delian League Peloponnesian League Oligarchy: Word Bank A form of government Democracyin which a small group leads. Delian League Does not value art and music Oligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Back 10 Agenda Athens Sparta Form of Government Democracy Oligarchy Economy Trade Agriculture Culture Art/ music Valued Art/ music NOT valued Relationship to outside world Open to world ideas Isolated League Membership Delian League Peloponnesian League Peloponessian League: Greek alliance headed by Sparta Democracy after the Persian War. (shown on Delian League the map in PINK) Agriculture (farming) Does not value art and music Oligarchy Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Back 11 Word Bank Agenda Explore The Causes of the Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens had opposing forms of government, Democracy and Oligarchy, which always caused tension between the two city states. In the years following the Persian Wars these tensions increased because: • Sparta believed that Athens was trying to take too much power. • Other city states believed that Athens was using the money from the Delian League for their own gain (they were). Agenda 12 Explore Democracy: The Causes of the Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens had opposing forms of government, Democracy and Oligarchy, which always caused tension between the two city states. In the years following the Persian Wars these tensions increased because: • Sparta believed that Athens was trying to take too much power • Other city states believed that Athens was using the money from the Delian League for their own gain (they were) Back 13 A form of government in which people are the source of power Agenda Explore The Causes of the Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens had opposing forms of government, Democracy and Oligarchy, which always caused tension between the two areas. In the years following the Persian Wars these tensions increased because: • Sparta believed that Athens was trying to take too much power • Other city states believed that Athens was using the money from the Delian League for their own gain (they were) Back 14 Oligarchy: A form of government in which a small group leads. Agenda Explore The Causes of the Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens had opposing forms of government, Democracy and Oligarchy, which always caused tension between the two areas. In the years following the Persian Wars these tensions increased because: • Sparta believed that Athens was trying to take too much power • Other city states believed that Athens was using the money from the Delian League for their own gain (they were) Back 15 Delian League: Greek alliance headed by Athens after the Persian War. (shown on the map in ORANGE) Agenda War was declared in 432 BCE after Athens attempted to annex Corcyra against the wishes of the Corinthians, who were allied with Sparta. Back 16 Agenda War was declared in 432 BCE after Athens Annex: attempted to annex Corcyra against the To join to things together or wishes of the add on to something Corinthians, who were allied with Sparta. Back 17 Agenda War was declared in 432 BCE after Athens attempted to annex Corcyra against the wishes of the Corinthians, who were allied with Sparta. Back 18 Agenda Allied: An agreement between groups or people to work together Back 19 War was declared in 432 BCE after Athens attempted to annex Corcyra against the wishes of the Corinthians, who were allied with Sparta. Agenda The Athenians were confident that they could defeat the Spartans at sea because of their superior navy and protected access to a port. The Spartans were confident they could beat the Athenians on land and launched raids on the farms outside Athens for 5 years. Back 20 Agenda Athens was known for its powerful Navy. Athenian Offensive • Athens was afraid to make a big offensive move against Sparta as this could throw off the power of democracy. • Therefore the small attacks they lead on the city states allied with Sparta had little affect to them. Sparta was known for their large and well trained military Sparta went to war with Athens because they were afraid of the further growth of Athenian power Spartan Offensive Strategies Sparta had the idea, that they would be able to starve the Athenians into surrender by destroying the crops in Attica Thus it would force the inferior Athenian army to fight against the superior Spartan-Theban forces. During the war, Sparta led many attacks on Attica. Athens raided the coast of the Peloponnese. The attacks on Attica by the Spartans didn’t do much harm to Athens because their food supply came mainly from Egypt. In 430 BCE many farmers fled inside the walls that surrounded Athens seeking protection from the Spartan Attacks This lead to overcrowding, and ultimately a plague. Back 27 Agenda In 430 BCE many farmers fled inside the walls that surrounded Athens seeking protection from the Spartan Attacks This lead to overcrowding, and ultimately a plague. Back 28 Plague: A widespread illness that causes a large number of deaths. Agenda The plague killed 50,000 people including Pericles the leader of the Athenian Army Back 29 Agenda Thucydides states, “The bodies of dying men lay one upon another, and half-dead creatures reeled about in the streets. The catastrophe became so overwhelming that men cared nothing for any rule of religion or law.” The Finale to a Long War. • Sparta eventually built a navy to defeat the weakened Athenian navy. • Sparta captured the entire Athenian fleet without one loss, thus cutting off the food supply completely, thus ending the war.