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Athens vs. Sparta _________________________ From the rise of the “city state” to the establishment of “Classical Greece” Complete the Venn Diagram as we go through the slideshow Definition: City State A city-state is a region controlled exclusively by a city, and usually having sovereignty. city-states often part of larger cultural areas, as in the city-states of ancient Greece. Though sovereign, many such cities joined in formal or informal leagues under a high king. In some cases historical empires or leagues were formed through conquest, but many were formed under peaceful alliances or for mutual protection - the Peloponnesian League Athens vs. Sparta - Things to compare Locations and time period Government and Legal Systems Slavery and Social Roles Roles of Men, Women, and children Military (training and active service) Systems and Styles of Education Overall Strengths Overall Weaknesses Athens – Location and Time Period Ionian heritage By 1400 BC Athens had become a powerful center of the Mycenaean civilization. not sacked and abandoned at the time of the Dorian invasion of 1200 BCE By the 8th century BCE Athens had re-emerged central location in the Greek world Surrounding region of Attica Athens’ Government Echoes the general patterns of change in various Poleis c. 600 BCE – farmers burdened with debts – threat of prison or slavery – no voice in government so they began to protest 590 BCE – grant aristocrat Solon with “special powers” Direct democracy (508 BC): only men over 18 could vote (called the demos), all classes in society participated Public assembly pivotal: met 3 or 4 times a month to discuss policy Pericles on Athenian Democracy Golden Age Athenian Slavery Most of the slaves were war captives About 1/5 worked in mines while the rest has domestic lives Protected by laws and could earn money to buy their freedom Few slave revolts Athens – Roles of Men and Women Women kept in seclusion and rarely talked with their husbands – Marry and stay indoors, oversee household and perform domestic duties Respectability was the “ideal” though education stressed for all, there was still a lack of public education for women Women were to be modest and teachable, did not participate in public affairs A women’s father chose her husband Excluded by law from government and military Athen’s Military Focused on a strong navy – “Tri-reams” A small but well prepared army “oppressive policies” alarm neighbours 478 BCE – Delian League Athens attacked by Thebes and Sparta 30 Years Peace (14 years) before the Peloponnesian War Athens – Strengths & Weaknesses Pursued the Arts, architecture, education Achieved greater artistic, intellectual and literary heights than any other polis Free thought of primary importance Encouraged great thinkers such as: Plato, Socrates, Aristotle Lacked a strong military Possible for 1 person to dominate the assembly Sparta – Location and Time Period Created by invading Dorian Greeks (c.735– 715 B.C.). For a long time the Spartans had no city walls, trusting to the strength of their army for defense against invaders 7th cent. B.C. Sparta enjoyed a period of wealth and culture, By the 6th cent. B.C., Sparta was the strongest Greek city. Sparta – Government & Law Strict and uncompromising policies Oligarchy (rule by a few) constitutional Two kings, one for military and one for government, both hereditary roles 5 Ephors elected each year who had the real power Men over the age of 30 met monthly in an assembly but it had little power Passed laws forbidding immigration, limiting material possessions, and restricting creativity Sparta’s Slavery Earliest Spartans enslave the Helots – originally lived in the lower Peloponnesus. Conquered people became slaves controlled by secret police Needed strong military to keep slaves in line – always on alert Slaves had no rights and worked very hard Many serious slave revolts Sparta – Roles of Men and Women Society of well trained, tough, athletic men, women and children Men served in the military from the age of 7 to 50, lived in barracks until the age of 30: bravery and obedience stressed Women had great freedom and controlled the household – spent time outside and spoke freely with men Largely equal rights for men and women – Able to own land and manage own property Respect and influence as strong mothers Women publicly educated – Choral singing and dancing, athletics (stripped just like men did) Sparta’s Infamous Military The State was considered more important than the individual Reputation for being a brutal and disciplined force Developed the “Phalanx” technique Young men from the age of 7 were recruited to their ranks Video: “Footsoldier” Sparta’s Strengths & Weaknesses Admired for loyal, brave soldiers and stable social order – but at what cost? An obedient and disciplined society Isolated, not open to attack Efficient, but shunned “frivolity” Amazing army – but what other contributions did they make? Could not change with the times, narrow minded – Effects of conservative social order – keep things the same Corrupt, brutal leaders Sacrificed individuals for the state City States & the Persian Threat Democratic institutions, humanistic values, and cultural landmarks would have been lost if the Persians had won. Ionian Greeks (in Persia) were forced to pay taxes Athens and Marathon invaded in 490 BCE by Darius (king of Persia) Athens outnumbered but victorious (particularly at sea) The Peloponnesian War 431-404 BCE Athenian League Peloponnesian League – Sparta as leader Pericles – Athens will win a war of attrition (last longer) Plague in Athens (430 BCE) Athens asks for peace in 421 BCE Sparta and Thebes emerge as dominant city states but are greatly weakened
