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Chapter 16 Lecture Two of Two Theseus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. THE BEGETTING OF THESEUS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. The Begetting of Theseus • Aegeus, a king of Athens, had no sons • Delphi: do not open the wine skins until you return home • At Troezen, Pittheus understands the prophecy • Sends his daughter Aethra • Poseidon also gets involved ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. The Begetting of Theseus The sword and the sandal (Fig. 16.6). (© Trustees of the British Museum / Art Resource, New York ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. THE LABORS OF THESEUS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Fig. 16.7 The Labors of Theseus (© Trustees of the British Museum / Art Resource, New York ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. The Labors of Theseus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Periphetes, the Clubber Sinis, the Pinebender Cormmyonian Sow Sciron Circyon Procrustes ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. ARRIVAL AT ATHENS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Arrival at Athens • Under a spell cast by Medea, Aegeus doesn’t realize that this is his son • Aegeus sends him out to kill a bull on the plains of Marathon • Then she tries to poison him, but Aegeus recognizes his own sword in time – Medea flees ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Chazen Museum of Art, University of Wisconsin–Madison Fig. 16.9 Theseus and the bull of Marathon. ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Fig. 16.8 Aegeus greets Theseus in Athens. Musée du Louvre, Paris; Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource, New York ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. THESEUS AND ANTIOPÊ ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Theseus and Antiopê • On his way back from his adventure in Crete with the Minotaur (Chapter 17), Theseus forgets to change the ship’s flag to white • Aegeus drowns himself in the sea (Aegean Sea) ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Theseus and Antiopê • Athens is “founded” again with Theseus’s wise reforms – Synoicism – Festival: Panathenaia – social reforms: classes – assembly ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Theseus and Antiopê • Goes off in search of more adventure – Abducts the Queen of the Amazons: Hippolyta or Antiopê • Leads to an Amazonomachy in Athens – The Areopagus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. The Amazons PERSPECTIVES ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. The Amazons • Mythic homeland is north of the Black Sea (southern modern-day Russia) – a mazos ? – constructed the temple to Artemis at Ephesus? • A purely myth invention – the world turned upside down ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. The Amazons • Contrary to the ideal for the Athenian woman – Always defeated by Greek heroes • Given political significance after the Battle of Marathon – The Amazonomachy identified with the Athenian victory over the Persians ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Fig. 16.10 Theseus and Perithous battle a mounted Amazon. Museo Etrusco Gregoriano/Photo Vatican Museums ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. THESEUS AND HIPPOLYTUS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Theseus and Hippolytus • • • • Remarries to Phaedra, a daughter of Minos Their son is Hippolytus Story told by Euripides in his Hippolytus Hippolytus worships only Artemis and neglects Aphrodite • Aphrodite makes Phaedra, his mother-in-law, lust after him ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Theseus and Hippolytus • The slave intermediary • Hippolytus curses women, but vows not to tell anyone • Phaedra kills herself, but leaves behind a note for Theseus • Theseus orders Poseidon to kill Hippolytus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Perspective 16 In Boccaccio's De casibus virorum illustrium, Phaedra admits how she falsely accused Hippolytus. (© British Library Board. All Rights Reserved. Harley 1766, f.39 ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Folktale of “Potiphar’s Wife" OBSERVATIONS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Folktale of “Potiphar’s Wife" • Story of the Two Brothers – Anubis (not the god) – Bata • Joseph and Potiphar’s wife • Bellerophon and the wife of King Proteus ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. EXPLOITS OF THESEUS AND PIRITHOÜS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Exploits of Theseus and Pirithoüs • The Battle of the Centaurs and the Lapiths (at Perithoüs’s wedding to a Hippodamia) • Caeneus (formerly Caenis) • The two now seek appropriate wives ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Exploits of Theseus and Pirithoüs • Theseus tries for Helen, but she is too young and is sent away for safekeeping • The two visit the underworld for Pirithoüs’s choice: Persephonê • They are trapped but Theseus is eventually rescued by Heracles ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Fig. 16.11 Heracles and Theseus Johannes Laurentius/Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz/Art Resource, New York ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. DEATH OF THESEUS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Death of Theseus • Lost favor of the people of Athens and expelled by Menestheus of Athens • Fled to Scyros, King Lycomedes • Killed by the king ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Myth and Propaganda OBSERVATIONS ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Myth and Propaganda • Theseus originally a minor figure • Becomes more important with the rise of Athens beginning in the 6th century – Theseïs • Expansion and popularization begins with Pisistratus – Uses Theseus to glorify his own accomplishments for the city ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. Myth and Propaganda • After the Pisistratid dynasty fell from popularity, Theseus remade again – To a hero of democracy and the defender of freedom • Cimon (son of Miltiades) – Modeled some of his career leading the Athenian rise to empire after Theseus – The “bones” of Theseus; new festivals to Theseus; leader of Ionian Greeks against Sparta ©2012 Pearson Education Inc. End ©2012 Pearson Education Inc.