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Introduction to Database Today’s Lateral Thinking Puzzle “A woman has incontrovertible proof in court that her husband was murdered by her sister. The judge declares, "This is the strangest case I've ever seen. Though it's a cut-and-dried case, this woman cannot be punished." IT Review Overview IT Review IT Review Teams 2 students each Send me email if you have a preference Teams announced in class next week What is Data? The “I” in Information Technology and Information Systems Do You Remember? Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge Data represents a fact or statement of event without relation to other things. Ex: It is raining. Definition “Data is the elementary description of things, events, activities and transactions that are recorded, classified and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning.” Do You Remember? Data vs. Information vs. Knowledge Information embodies the understanding of a relationship of some sort, possibly cause and effect. Ex: The temperature dropped 15 degrees and then it started raining. Definition “Information is Data organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient.” Do You Remember? Data Hierarchy Bit (a binary digit): a circuit that is either on or off. A group of 8 bits, representing a single character, is called a ? Do You Remember? Data Hierarchy (Continued) Field: name, number, or characters that describe an aspect of a business object or activity. Record: collection of related data fields. Table: collection of related records. Database: a collection of integrated and related tables. What is a Database? Terminology Database: A collection of tables with relationships between the tables. bibliographic, statistical, business data, images, etc. Database management system (DBMS) is a set of programs that provide users with tools to add, delete, access and analyze data stored in one location. Tables and Databases Table: A collection of records or documents dealing with one organization, person, area or subject Manual (paper) files Computer files From Files to Databases Problems with File Systems Inconsistent Data Inflexibility Limited Data Sharing Poor enforcement of standards Excessive program maintenance Intermission Artwork © Jan’s Courtyard 1996-2005 Database and the Enterprise DBMS Advantages Make it easier to store large quantities of information Make it easier to retrieve information quickly and flexibly Make it easy to organize and reorganize information Make it easy to print and distribute information in a variety of ways DBMS Advantages (cont.) Minimal Data Redundancy Consistency of Data Integration of Data Data Accessibility and Responsiveness Data Independence Ease of Application Development Reduced Program Maintenance Sharing of Data Database Operations Import: receive data in the form of text files Browse: navigate through information Query: find records that match specific criteria Sort: rearrange records (alphabetically or numerically) Print reports, labels, and form letters: A report is an ordered list of selected records and fields in an easy-to-read format. The Many Faces of Databases Large databases often contain hundreds of interrelated tables. A DBMS can shield users from the complex inner workings of the system, providing them with only the information they need to get their jobs done. Which of the following uses a database for electronic commerce? Databases in the Real World: Electronic Commerce Intermission Artwork © Jan’s Courtyard 1996-2005 In Pictures: Technology Billionaires Special Report The Forbes 400 09.20.07 ONE BILLION DOLLARS IS NO LONGER ENOUGH… http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/18/richlist07_Technology_slide_2.html?thisSpeed=4000 How Big is BIG? Byte Kilobyte (KB) Megabytes (MB) Gigabytes (GB) Terabytes (TB) Petabytes (PB) = 8 bits = 1 Thousand Bytes = 1 Million Bytes = 1 Billion Bytes = 1 Trillion Bytes = 1000 Terabytes Do You Remember? How Big is BIG? NSA Call Tracking 96 gigabytes AT&T “Daytona” Project 312 terabytes Wal-Mart 583 terabytes Google Earth Rumored at 1,000 terabytes (1 petabyte) http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/maney/2006-05-16-nsa-privacy_x.htm Types of Database Systems PC Databases Client/Server Databases Web-Based Databases PC Databases Client Server Databases Client (Mac/Windows) Client (Mac/Windows) Network Database Server (Unix/Linux) Client (Mac/Windows) Databases and the Web Information is available via a company’s Intranet and the Internet. HTML, the language used to construct most Web pages, wasn’t designed to build database queries. XML, a newer, more powerful data description language, is designed with industrial-strength database access in mind. Databases and the Web Request (ex. get a price quote, place an order) Response (ex. query results with HTML-formatted product price or order confirmation notice) What Do You Know? 1. A collection of related files, tables, and so on that stores data and the associations among them is _____ A) hardware B) software C) database D) network E) procedures 1. A collection of related files, tables, and so on that stores data and the associations among them is _____ A) hardware B) software C) database D) network E) procedures 2. It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons? A) amount of data increases exponentially over time B) data are scattered throughout organizations C) increasing amount of external data must be considered D) data security is easily compromised E) all of the above 2. It is very difficult to manage data for which of the following reasons? A) amount of data increases exponentially over time B) data are scattered throughout organizations C) increasing amount of external data must be considered D) data security is easily compromised E) all of the above 3. Place the following members of the data hierarchy in the correct order: A) bit – byte – field – record – database – table B) bit – field – byte – record – table – database C) byte – bit – record – field – database D) bit – byte – field – record – table – database 3. Place the following members of the data hierarchy in the correct order: A) bit – byte – field – record – database – table B) bit – field – byte – record – table – database C) byte – bit – record – field – database D) bit – byte – field – record – table – database 4. Data are scattered throughout organizations. A) True B) False 4. Data are scattered throughout organizations. A) True B) False 5. The amount of data is increasing exponentially over time. A) True B) False 5. The amount of data is increasing exponentially over time. A) True B) False This Week Next Week http://www.bikethehoan.com/tlwlogo.jpg