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High-Precision Natural Language Interfaces: A Graph-Theoretic Approach Ana-Maria Popescu, Oren Etzioni, Henry Kautz February 26th, 2002 Research Overview Goal Develop high-precision natural-language interfaces to relational databases Semantic Interpretation Challenge Correctly identifying the database tokens referred to by a given sentence February 26th, 2002 Approach Easy Questions Natural subset of English accurately interpreted as non-recursive Datalog clauses What are the Chinese restaurants in Seattle ? What is the population of Washington ? What Texas jobs require 3 years of experience ? February 26th, 2002 Approach Semantic Interpretation: Graph Matching Use max-flow as basis of sound, polynomial-time procedure for semantic interpretation Incorporate Syntactic Information Use parser or tagger output to eliminate ambiguity February 26th, 2002 Approach Given a sentence q: • Identify potential database elements • Use semantic and syntactic constraints to create semantic interpretation of q • Generate final SQL query(queries) February 26th, 2002 Database Lexicon Parser Tokenizer Matcher Query Generator Equivalence Checker English Question SQL Query + Answer Set PRECISE Architecture February 26th, 2002 DB Values Value Tokens S DB Attributes Movies = what Movies What Actor = Woody Allen Actor Woody Allen Director = Woody Allen Director Attribute Tokens film E I K 2 Paul Mazursky Director = Paul Mazursky The graph created by PRECISE for the question “What are the Paul Mazursky films with Woody Allen ?” February 26th, 2002 Experimental Results Systems: PRECISE,Mooney,EnglishQuery Dataset: 3 databases (Mooney et. all, 2001) Results: • PRECISE achieves the lowest precision error rate amongst the three systems • Current work focuses on improving the recall failure rate //add 2 slides containing result graphs February 26th, 2002 Future Work Directions • Extend PRECISE to handle additional types of user queries • Use clarification dialogues • Learn unknown words • Add speech-input/output capabilities February 26th, 2002
