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Class 4 Agenda Database Management Systems Chapter 4: Moore’s Law Midterm Case Database Management Systems: What? Software that owns and manages data Two models – Relational DBMS – Object-oriented DBMS Provides “Storage” layer to applications Can provide logic (constraints) to applications Database Management Systems: Why? Insulate users from data mechanics Ensure business rules are universally applied Allow simultaneous access Increase granularity of access Standardize access language (SQL) Database Management Systems: Who? Oracle Microsoft: SQLServer IBM: UDB / DB2 Open Systems: MySQL, PostGres, … CA, Sybase, … The DBMS Server layers DBMS Client DBMS Server Application Heavy Client (Sqlplus) App Server Web Server (isqlplus) Server Instance Schema DBMS Storage Database Instance Schema Schema “Connects” “Mounts” Tablespace Table Tablespace Table Table DBMS Functions Data Integrity – Accurate and reliable Access Control – Views – Grants – Multiple levels of access DataAccess API – Single well-known interface Single point of control – DBMS Owns the files Utilities Data Integrity Locking – Allows simultaneous use – Different levels available Constraints – Limits on acceptable entries – Discussed in detail later Logging – Undoing failed work – Recording completed work Access Control Support for users and roles Granularity for data (Views) – Vertical – Horizontal Granularity for Function – Read vs change – Procedural access only SQL API Defines the access syntax Open Standard Extensions for each vendor Relational DBMS Concepts Value-based relations Joins Tables and Views Set Processing Object-Oriented DBMS’s Purpose: Make storage a service Classes and Objects – Basic logic joined to data Object “behavior” Behavior request mechanism (messages) Object-Oriented DBMS Concepts Inheritance – Proper scope for all data, behaviors Encapsulation – Inner workings hidden from users – Focus on behavior, not process Polymorphism – Each class can interpret requests Chapter 4 Comments: Moore’s Law Reasons for improvement Caching Applies to network, storage as well Tiers of computing need Parallel processing Group Reviews: Moore’s Law Pick one, 4 minute response Impact on “cash cow” phase of product delivery Impact on purchasing decisions Is it coming to an end? Why does network speed come in bigger increments? The sixth wave? Where is the most waste? Midterm Case Introduction: Toyota, The Big Fix Issues – Project Management – Governance? – Reporting Assignment – Read – Questions on Wednesday?