Download Overview of SQL Server

Overview of SQL Server
Alka Arora
SQL Server: Introduction
Microsoft SQL Server is an application
used to create computer databases for the
Microsoft Windows family of server
operating systems.
Microsoft SQL Server provides an
environment used to generate databases
that can be accessed from workstations,
the Internet, or other media such as a
personal digital assistant (PDA).
Accessibility
MS SQL Server is accessed by applications using the
Structured query language (SQL).
– SQL is the language used to access and program relational
databases.
SQL Server is used to interact with a database.
Recently, it has been widely used in Web applications
involving a database back-end.
It allows you to enter, edit, delete, and retrieve lots of
data very quickly.
Features of SQL Server
Internet Integration.
– It has the scalability, availability, and security features required
to operate as the data storage component of the largest Web
sites.
Scalability and Availability
– The same database engine can be used across platforms ranging
from laptop computers running Microsoft Windows® 98 through
large, multiprocessor servers running Microsoft Windows 2000
Data Center Edition.
– SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Edition supports features such as
indexed views, and large memory support that allow it to scale to
the performance levels required by the largest Web sites.
Other Features of SQL Server
Ease of installation, deployment, and use
– It includes a set of administrative and development tools that improve
upon the process of installing, deploying, managing, and using SQL
Server across several sites.
– These features allows to rapidly deliver SQL Server applications that
customers can implement with a minimum of installation and
administrative overhead.
Data warehousing
– SQL Server 2000 includes tools for extracting and analyzing summary
data for online analytical processing.
Data management features of
MS SQL Server
MS SQL Server consists of a number of
programs that provide for managing data stored
in databases:
– The Enterprise Manager (EM) allows the user to
manage their data objects (tables, views).
– The Query Analyzer (QA) assists users in creating
and managing queries against their databases.
– There is a facility to import/export data to/from
databases.
– There is a facility to take database backup and
restore that backup.
Graphical Tools
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
SQL Server Enterprise Manager
SQL Server Query Analyzer
SQL Server Query Analyzer is a graphical
user interface for designing and testing
SQL statements, batches, and scripts
interactively.
Service Manager
SQL Server Service Manager is used for
starting, stopping and pausing (MSSQL Server
services).
Data Transformation Services
(DTS)
 DTS provides import and export capabilities
to SQL Server.
 DTS can import data from another SQL
Server, from Microsoft Access, text files,
Microsoft Excel, Oracle, FoxPro etc.
 DTS imports and exports data.
Backup and Restore Service
The backup and restore component provides an
important safeguard for protecting critical data stored in
SQL Server databases.
With proper planning, you can recover from many
failures, including:
– Media failure
– User errors
– Permanent loss of a server.
Additionally, backing up and restoring databases is
useful for other purposes, such as copying a database
from one server to another.
By backing up a database from one computer and
restoring the database to another, a copy of a database
can be made quickly and easily.
(XML) capability
– SQL Server 2000 provides basic XML
capabilities.
– Documents can enable data transfer
between heterogeneous programs or data
sources.
Stored Procedures
It’s a procedure that is designed and stored on the SQL
Server.
They can be called any number of times in your
program.
They are used when a certain operation requires a large
amount of Transact-SQL code or is performed
repetitively.
Stored procedures can be faster than batches of
Transact-SQL code.
They allow faster execution.
Indexes
An index is a tool that SQL Server uses to
access data quickly.
The analogy that is most often used to describe
a database index is that of a book.
– In the case of the book's index, you can find the page
numbers where a word is located.
– In the case of SQL Server, the server's Query
Optimization engine uses an index to find where data
is located physically on a hard drive.
Create New Database
 To visually create a database, open Microsoft SQL Server Management
Studio.
 In the Object Explorer, expand the server name followed by the Databases
node.
 Right-click Databases and click New Database
 Give name to database
Add a Table



In the Object Explorer, expand the database and expand its Tables node.
Right-click the Tables node and click New Table...
Enter a name for each column and select its data type:
Data Types
Integers
• bigint
Integer (whole number) data from -2^63 (9,223,372,036,854,775,808) through 2^63-1
(9,223,372,036,854,775,807).
• int
Integer (whole number) data from -2^31 (-2,147,483,648) through
2^31 - 1 (2,147,483,647).
• smallint
Integer data from -2^15 (-32,768) through 2^15 - 1 (32,767).
• tinyint
Integer data from 0 through 255.
• bit
Integer data with either a 1 or 0 value.
Data Types
Character Strings
• char [(n)]
– Fixed-length non-Unicode character data with length of n bytes.
n must be a value from 1 through 8,000. Storage size is n bytes.
• varchar[(n)]
– Variable-length non-Unicode character data with length of n
bytes. n must be a value from 1 through 8,000. Storage size is
the actual length in bytes of the data entered, not n bytes. The
data entered can be 0 characters in length.
• text
– Variable-length non-Unicode data with a maximum length of
2^31 - 1 (2,147,483,647) characters.
Unicode Character Strings
nchar, nvarchar
Data Types
Binary Strings
– binary
Fixed-length binary data with a maximum length of
8,000 bytes
– varbinary
Variable-length binary data with a maximum length
of 8,000 bytes.
– Image
Variable-length binary data with a maximum length
of 2^31 - 1 (2,147,483,647) bytes
Data Types
datetime and smalldatetime
– datetime
Date and time data from January 1, 1753, through
December 31, 9999, with an accuracy of threehundredths of a second, or 3.33 milliseconds.
– smalldatetime
Date and time data from January 1, 1900, through
June 6, 2079, with an accuracy of one minute
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