Download Muscles (Origin and Insertion) and steady state

Muscles (Origin and Insertion)
and
steady state Exercise
Kevin Browne
Learning outcomes
 To be define what origin and insertion is in relation to
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muscles
To be able to identify at least 5 insertion and Origins in the
body
Identify the changes that occur in the body in relation to
steady state exercise
To be able to identify and explain the effects on the CV,
neuromuscular and respiratory system
Please note that these Notes are an OUTLINE you are
expected to read about the topic for your Assignment
Origin and Insertion
 Origin
 The origin of a muscle is the point at which it attaches to a
bone (usually) or another muscle. The structure that the
origin is attached to is not moved by the contraction of the
muscle
 Insertion
 The opposite end of the muscle is called the insertion
Origin and Insertion worksheet
 Using the work sheet that has been given to work in small
groups of 3s
 Use the muscle diagrams and fill in the blanks on the task
sheet
Muscle
Origin
Serratus anterior
Upper ribs
Insertion
Pulls scapula anterior
and down
Pectoralis major
Humerous
Latissimus dorsi
Spine of the vertebrae Humerous
and iliac crest
Deltoid
Vastus medialis
Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
Femur
Gluteus maximus
Soleus
Patella and tibial
tuberosity by patella
tendon
Femur
Fibula and posterior
tibia
Action
Flexes and adducts
Humerous
Abducts extends and
flexes arm
Muscle
Serratus anterior
Origin
Upper ribs
Insertion
Scapula
Action
Pulls scapula anterior
and down
Pectoralis major
Clavicle and sternum
Humerous
Flexes and adducts
Humerous
Latissimus dorsi
Spine of the vertebrae
and iliac crest
Humerous
Extends and adducts arm
and rotates inwardly
Deltoid
Scapula and clavicle
Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
Abducts extends and
flexes arm
Vastus medialis
Femur
Patella and tibial
tuberosity by patella
tendon
Gluteus maximus
Sacrum coccyx and ilium
Femur
Soleus
Fibula and posterior tibia calcaneus
Abducts and rotates
medially
Plantar flexion
Steady state exercise
 Once we have been performing continuous exercise for 20
minutes (jogging on the treadmill) the body adapts to this
continuous exercise
 Various changes occur in the CV System, respiratory,
neuromuscular, and energy systems
Cardiovascular system
 Heart rate levels off (what does this mean)
 Increase in stroke volume (sv)
 Vasodilatation of blood vessels to the working muscle
(such as the legs if we are jogging)
 Blood pressure levels off
 Thermoregulation
 We go into these in more detail
Respiratory
 Tidal volume levels off (what is Tidal volume again?
 Breathing rate levels off
 Oxygen is unloaded from haemoglobin much more readily
(this means that oxygen is able to travel around the body
easier
Neuromuscular and Energy systems
 Neuromuscular
 Increased pliability of muscles
 Increased speed of neural transmissions
 Energy system
 Aerobic ATP production
 Now we will go more in depth of each system
Cardiovascular response to SSE
 Heart rate rises during the first few minutes of exercise then levels
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off
Stroke volume: when exercising there is an increase in Venous
return (look at your books for definition) the increase in volume
means that the heart is stretched even more. This means that the
heart contracts with more force and pumps out more blood with
each beat (starlings law?)
Blood flow
When we exercise the blood has to redistributed to the main
muscles that we are using such as the legs. The reason why?
These muscle need more energy which means that they need more
oxygen so more blood. What role does vasoconstriction and
vasodilation play?
Continued
 Blood pressure
 Dilation of the blood vessels to the working muscles causes BP To
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drop but this is counter acted by the pressure caused by cardiac
output
Research what happens to systolic and diastolic at SES
Thermoregulation
This means keep the body at 37 c if the body temperature
increases or decreases by 1c then this can affect an athlete
performance both physically and mentally
Excess heat is lost through sweat and blood vessels rising to the
surface of the skin (what does this do)
When the sweat evaporates it cools the surface of the skin
Neuromuscular response
 As we exercise the temperature of the muscles __________
 Blu tac example
 This means that the muscle are able to stretch further and be
shaped
 As the muscle warm up, the rate at which nervous impulses
are sent and received are increased. The heat increases the
speed of transmission
Energy response to SES
 What system are we using when we are exercising
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continuously for 20 minutes
Aerobic system (with oxygen) this is the system that is
responsible for producing the majority of our energy
It uses a series of reactions the 1st is aerobic glycolysis as it
occurs oxygen is able to break down glucose.
The gluscose is broken down into pyruvate but because we
have oxygen it does not turn into lactic acid
It continues to be broken down in a series of reactions
Continued
 Research task
 Research the krebs cycle and the electron transport system in
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2-3 using the laptops.
Use diagrams to help you
Break each one down into small manageable stages
Remember where you got your information. Why?
References