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Best Practices for Oracle Database and
Client Deployment on Windows
Alex Keh
Principal Product Manager, Oracle
Scott Jesse
Senior Manager, RAC Assurance
Program Agenda
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General Deployment
Patching
Client Deployment
Server Deployment
New 11.2 Install and Deployment Features
RAC Deployment
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General Deployment
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General Deployment Options
• Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
– GUI-driven install
– Great for individual database and client deployments
– Can be interactive with a pre-defined response file
• Silent install
– Automate the installation and configuration fully or partially
– Can be pushed with Microsoft SMS or other install products
– For large scale database and client deployments
• Enterprise Manager Grid Control
– Highly recommended for database deployments
– Great for large scale deployments
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OUI Interactive Mode
• Normal interactive install
• Interactive install with input fields defaulted to predefined values
– Admin defines defaults in the response file
– Setup.exe <response file>
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Response Files
• Generating response files
– Run OUI interactively and record a response file
• Setup.exe -record -destinationFile <response_file>
• Generates .RSP file
– Customize existing response file via text editor
• .RSP file is a text file
• Don’t use response files generated by older Oracle
installers
– Generally best to use the response file from version planned
to deploy
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Silent Install
• Unattended installs
– Great for ISV packaging and large-scale deployments
• Silent mode
– No screen prompts
– Setup.exe -silent <response file>
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Microsoft Systems Management Server
• Change and configuration management for the
Microsoft platform
• Provide relevant software and updates to users
quickly and cost-effectively
• Used to deploy patches and application upgrades for
multiple installs
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Multiple Oracle Deployment with SMS
• SMS steps to build an installable software image
– Take a snapshot of a build machine without the software
installed
– Install Oracle and bundled patches
– Take another snapshot with new software installed
• Use SMS to push installation image to target
computers
– Ensure targets start from a consistent base image
• Works with Oracle database clients, servers, and
RAC
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Patching
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Oracle Patching
• Patchset (e.g. 10.2.0.x)
– Accumulation of bundled patches since last patchset plus
some additional fixes
– No architecture changes and new functionality is rare
– 12 month release cycle
– Very well-tested
• Bundled patch (e.g. 10.2.0.5.x)
– Each patch is cumulative
• Accumulation of bundled patches, PSUs, and bug fixes
since last patchset
– Around every 2 weeks release cycle
– Well-tested
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Oracle Patching
• One-off patch
– Provided for P1s on top of last PSU within the last six months
– Not intended to be a long term fix
– Limited testing
• Fixes included in one of the next two patch releases
• If patch backport needed, request it and provide
justification
• Unix patching different from Windows
– Unix has more one-offs because DBAs compile fixes into
existing Oracle deployment
– This is atypical for Windows admins, which is why Oracle has
bundled patches on Windows
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Oracle Security CPUs
• Published once a quarter
• Security fixes only
• If applying only one set of patches, these are the
most highly recommended
• Recommended Procedure
– 1. Install latest Oracle patch
– 2. Apply security CPU on top
• CPU built on top of the latest Oracle patch
– Oracle patches contain cumulative security CPU fixes
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Patching Best Practices
• Make plans to test and apply future patchsets
• At minimum, apply CPU patches released quarterly
• If encountering possible bug, apply latest patchset
and fifth-digit patch available
– Eliminates known issues first
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OPatch
• OPatch is an Oracle-supplied utility
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Assists with applying interim patches
Roll back interim patches if necessary
For database clients, servers, and RAC
Make sure to use the latest OPatch version
• Easy to use
• Uses Oracle inventory
• For OUI-based Oracle Homes
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Client Deployment
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Instant Client (IC)
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Package of binaries
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Provides additional deployment options for ISVs
and for large scale deployments
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Zip file
Install done manually or through a third-party installer easily
Lots of control of the installation process
Includes features that make these deployments easier
No functionality difference between IC and standard
client components
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Instant Client Benefits
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Greater control over install process
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Xcopy
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Fine grain control over installation process
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Great for large scale deployments or ISV packaging
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OUI
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Great individual deployments
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Xcopy – smallest install size
Xcopy – fast client deployment
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Instant Client XCopy Deployment – Install process
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Step 1: Unzip and copy IC files to disk
Step 2: Run install.bat
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Provide parameters specifying product(s) to install, Oracle
Home name, and target location
Step 3: Add installation directories to Windows PATH
Step 4: Modify NLS_LANG to desired locale
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Instant Client XCopy Components
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JDBC-OCI
ODP.NET
ODBC
Oracle Provider for OLE DB
Oracle Services for MTS
SQL*Plus
Oracle Providers for ASP.NET
OCI
OCCI
OO4O
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Managing Database Connect Identifiers
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Centralize identifiers for all machines
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Central file server – one TNS Names file to be referenced
Directory server – single centralized repository
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Oracle Virtual Directory, Internet Directory, or Active Directory
One identifier file per machine
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Maintain tnsnames.ora file on each machine
TNS_ADMIN parameter sets file’s directory location
Maintain identifier within application
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Easy Connect naming method
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No TNS file needs to be maintained
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Specify server host, port, and service name in conn. string
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Best for testing and development, not for deployment
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Working with Multiple Oracle Homes
• Multiple Oracle Homes (MOH) that are defined on the
same computer are:
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Necessary to support multiple Oracle applications on the
same machine
• E.g. packaged software
– Helpful in testing, upgrading, and migrating production
databases and clients
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Installed in different directories, for example:
– Oracle 10.2.0: d:\oracle10\ora102
– Oracle 11.0.0: d:\oracle11\ora110
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Managing Multiple Oracle Homes with Standard
Oracle Client Software
• Oracle client DLLs are loaded using Windows Path
setting
• Use separate processes for different Oracle clients
• Web (IIS) solution
– IIS supports separate worker processes in same instance
• In IIS 6 for Windows Server 2003 and higher
– SetDllDirectory for each process
• Client/Server solution
– As each application starts up, set the PATH to point to the
application’s Oracle Home
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Managing Multiple Oracle Homes in .NET
• Solution for ODP.NET 10.2.0.4 and higher
– ODP.NET reads .NET config files for unmanaged client DLL
location
– Each app can use different Oracle unmanaged client DLLs
even when same ODP.NET managed version is used
• DLL search order
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1. Current application directory
2. Application config or web.config
3. Machine.config
4. Windows Registry
• HKLM\Software\Oracle\ODP.NET\<version>\DllPath
– 5. Windows System Path setting
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Server Deployment
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Database Cloning
• Exact copy of an existing database
• Great for creating a duplicate database for dev, test,
and production
• Cloning databases saves time and effort and reduces
errors
– Clones include patches and configuration already applied
– Clone Oracle homes or instances
– Can be used by system admins, ISVs, SI solutions, etc.
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Database Cloning Options
• Clone using Enterprise Manager
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Ideal for cloning within a large organization and hosted DBs
Hot cloning with no downtime of source DB
Works well for large DBs
Can be used with features like "Convert to RAC" to do RAC to
RAC cloning *OR* moving to RAC.
– Advantage: easy to use
• Clone using Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)
– Ideal for ISVs or distributing standardized DBs across enterprise
– Advantage: more flexibility and control
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Database Cloning Options
• Manually cloning
– Not recommended
– Provides even more complete control
– Now simpler with "RMAN Duplicate"
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Enterprise Manager Database Cloning
• Web based wizard
• Select existing Oracle Home and point where GC
should clone the database
– One to one server
• Clone from live database or existing backups
• Can be scheduled to run at a future time
• Once cloned, alerts, metrics, patches, etc. will be setup
automatically
– Admins can add their own custom jobs or application changes
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DBCA Database Cloning
• DBCA creates DB templates, which can have:
– Seed – includes datafiles and structure
– Nonseed – no datafiles, just structure
– Modify existing templates
• Create RAC or single instance DB with same template
– DBCA records DB creation and saves templates
• XML file “scripts” with database creation information
• Package and transfer templates to target system
manually
• Greater control over DB clone
– Modify settings via DBCA
– Change initialization parameters, storage parameters, apply
custom scripts, security settings, automated maintenance
tasks, backup and recovery settings, etc.
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New Install Features
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Full Install for Patchsets
• Fast and easier install of Patchsets
– No need to install base release first and then upgrade to a
patchset
• Out-of-place Server Upgrade
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Improved customer experience
Improved testing
Less downtime and safer
Direct database upgrade from previous releases
DB upgrade can be done one instance at a time
In-place Server upgrade not recommended
• Client upgrade
– Flexibility for both in-place and out-of-place upgrade
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Software Updates and Deinstall
• Software Updates Option
– Dynamically download and apply software updates as part of
DB installation
– Download updates separately and later apply during install
• Deinstall
– Clean deinstall
– Script also available from OTN
– Can be used to clean up after partial install or deinstall
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Online Patching
• Patch installation and removal without downtime
– Do not need to bring DB instance down.
• Specially packaged shared library
– Contains replacements for some of the product
functions.
• OPatch used to install online patches in customer’s
environment
• Supported on both Windows 32-bit and x64.
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RAC Deployment
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Real Applications Clusters
• Use RAC for scalability and High Availability
– Add instances against same database files providing more
Oracle processes and increasing number of users
– Provides unique scalability on Windows that no other vendor
offers
– Node & Database instance no longer represent single point of
failure
• Clustered databases supported on Windows platforms
since version 7.3.4
• Oracle provides platform independent Oracle
Clusterware as part of Oracle Grid Infrasatructure to
handle failover of services to surviving nodes.
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Hardware
Traditional Picture of a 2 node Cluster
Public Network
Network
Interconnect
Network
Interconnect
SAN
SAN
Ensure No Single Point of Failure
Storage Devices
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Oracle Database 11g Release 2
Simplified Provisioning
• New intelligent installer
Free
DW
Back
Office
Front
Office
App
Servers
RAC One
mycluster.myco.com
– 40% fewer steps to install RAC
• Nodes can be easily repurposed
• SCAN--Single cluster-wide alias
for database connections simplifies
connections
– Clients need not be aware of
cluster configuration changes
• RAC Assurance Starter Kit:
Note#811271.1
– Step-by-Step install cookbook
– System Test Plan Outline
– Basic Artificial Load Test
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Operating System Considerations
• Same operating System on all nodes
– Do not mix versions except during rolling upgrades
(for short periods)
• Recommend Windows 2008
– 11gR1 Supports Windows 2008 R1
– 11gR2 Supports Windows 2008 R2
• If using Windows 2003
– Both 11gR1 and R2 support Windows 2003
– Use at least SP2 (see MoS Note 464683.1)
– Also use caution with Large Pages
• Large Pages provide faster memory access
• Can result in longer DB startup times
• (See Note #862690.1)
Oracle
Software
Operating
System
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Network Considerations
• Adapters should have the same name
on each node
• Each node should have
* Public IP
* Interconnect IP (Private IP)
** Virtual IP
**Scan VIP (11gR2) is Clusterwide
• Binding order the same on all nodes
• * Public & Interconnect should be live at
start of install
• ** VIP and SCAN VIP must not be live at
install
• Interconnect
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Oracle uses TCP/IP between nodes (not UDP)
Enable Jumbo Frames for best performance
Disable TCP Offload Engine and Receive Side
Scaling – Note#988008.1
– Infiniband is supported – 10gigE cert underway
– Team the interconnect adapters
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Oracle Database 11g Release 2
Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
• The foundation for Grid
Storage
SOA
IMDB
OC4J
APACHE
Siebel
Web
PSFT
EBS
File
System
DW
ODS
Binaries
OCR &
Voting Files
DB
Datafiles
• Easier to manage than
file systems
• Reduces storage costs
• Provides best
performance
• Stores all data
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Storage
• Oracle Clusterware and RAC requires Shared everything access
to storage
• Windows ‘Basic’ disks
– Dynamic disks are not supported
• AUTOMOUNT must be enabled on all nodes
– DISKPART> AUTOMOUNT ENABLE
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Windows 2008 – Create Partitions via Diskpart
Rescan disks on remote nodes after partition creation
Remove drive letters from remote nodes
Recommend ASM for Clusterware Files (OCR and Votedsk)
Use ACFS for files that cannot be stored in ASM
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Stores All Data
SOA
IMDB
OC4J
APACHE
Siebel
Web
DW
ODS
PSFT
EBS
ASM Cluster File System
ASM Cluster File System (ACFS)
File
System
Binaries
OCR &
Voting Files
DB
Datafiles
• General purpose scalable file
system
• Accessible through NAS
protocols (NFS, CIFS)
• Multi OS platform (Linux
and Windows at initial
release)
• Still recommend private drives
for ORACLE_HOME
• Consider ACFS for ADR
location for RDBMS
• Other logfiles or 3rd party
logfiles, batch jobs, etc
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Oracle Software Tidbits
• Latest Oracle Clusterware
– 11.2.0.1
– No need for MS Cluster Services
– Grid Infrastructure (GI) in 11gR2 combines ASM and Oracle
Clusterware into a single home.
• Relevant RAC Database Version:
– As per your Application requirements
– Note#337737.1 Oracle Clusterware - ASM - Database
Version Compatibility
• Patching/Upgrading – Patch/Upgrade GI Stack first
– Example - 11.2.0.2
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Additional Best Practices
• Monitoring and Troubleshooting Best Practices
– Install CHM (Cluster Health Monitor – formerly called IPD/OS)
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<Note 811151.1> How to install Oracle Instantaneous Problem Detector for Clusters (IPD/OS) on
Windows
<Note 810915.1> How to monitor, detect and analyze OS and RAC resource related degradation
and failures on Windows
– Monitor Desktop Heap (Desktop Heap Monitor) if running multiple
databases/instances on single cluster
– Install Sysinternals Utilities such as Process Explorer for better
monitoring and diagnosis (http://www.sysinternals.com)
– Install Debugging Tools for Windows –
– Bookmark Note#811271.1 - RAC Assurance Support Team: RAC
Starter Kit and Best Practices (Windows) - Monitor for regular
updates
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Appendix
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More Information
• OTN – Windows Server System Center
– http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/windows/
• OTN – Oracle Database
– http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterpriseedition/
• For more questions
– [email protected]
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Oracle OpenWorld
Latin America 2010
December 7–9, 2010
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Oracle OpenWorld
Beijing 2010
December 13–16, 2010
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Oracle Products Available Online
Oracle Store
Buy Oracle license and support
online today at
oracle.com/store
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The preceding is intended to outline our general
product direction. It is intended for information
purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any
contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any
material, code, or functionality, and should not be
relied upon in making purchasing decisions.
The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s
products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
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