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Oracle Database Performance: Latest Developments, What’s Next Amit Ganesh Vice President, Oracle Corporation The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. Agenda • High-Performance Today • Offloading and Caching for High Performance • High Performance with Large Data Volumes • End-to-end Performance Architecture Quiz Question 1: Does Exadata utilize RAC for scale-out or SMP for scale-up? • • • • RAC SMP Both None <Insert Picture Here> High Performance Today Database Scaling SMP Scale-Up • Very mature – 20 years of experience • Many customers with largest SMPs on the market – 64 to 256 CPUs – Sun M9000, HP Superdome, IBM Regatta • Single System Image – Easy to manage – Easy to design applications • Works great, but eventually hits a wall • Need at least two for availability RAC Scale-Out HR • • • • • Runs all Oracle database applications Highly available and scalable No Idle Resources Single System Image Thousands of production customers ERP Leader in Industry Benchmarks Benchmark World Record Leadership TPC-C Price/Performance Oracle TPC-H @1000GB Non-Clustered Oracle TPC-H @ 10,000GB Non-Clustered Oracle TPC-H @ 30,000 GB Oracle SAP Sales and Distribution Parallel Oracle SAP Business Intelligence (BI-D) Data Mart Oracle As of September 20, 2010: Source: www.tpc.org & www.sap.com/benchmark (SAP details on notes page): HP ProLiant ML350 G6, 290,040 tpmC, $.39/tpmC, 4.22 watts/KtpmC, available 8/16/10 (world record TPC-C price/performance). HP Integrity Superdome 2, 140,181 QphH@1000GB, $12.15/QphH@1000GB, available 10/20/10. HP Integrity Superdome server, 208,457.7 QphH@10000GB $27.97/QphH@10000GB, available 9/10/08 (world record TPC-H 10TB non-clustered). HP Integrity Superdome Server, 150,960 QphH@30000GB, $46.69/QphH@30000GB, Best OLTP Price-Performance Value Leadership Over Microsoft 0.49 Best Single Processor Result 0.50 0.39 0.45 0.40 $/tpmC 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 Oracle SQL Server As of September 20, 2010: HP ProLiant ML350 G6, 1 processor, 6 cores, 290,040 tpmC, $.39/tpmC, 4.22 watts/KtpmC, Oracle Database 11g Standard Edition One with OEL, available 8/16/10 (world record TPC-C price/performance). HP ProLiant DL580 G7, (4 processors, 32 cores) 1,807,347 tpmC, .49/tpmC, available 10/15/10 Source: Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC), www.tpc.org Best Scalability and Performance World Record SAP SD-Parallel Benchmark Near Perfect Scaling 50,000 40,000 4-Node RAC Oracle Sun Fire x4470 37,000 SD Users 40,000 2-Node RAC Oracle Sun Fire x4470 30,000 21,000 20,000 10,000 DB2 on P780 Oracle Oracle 0 These results as of September 20, 2010: have been certified by SAP AG, www.sap.com/benchmark. Please see notes page for SAP benchmark certification details for the above results. Best Business Intelligence Performance 4-Node RAC Fujitsu RX300 SAP BI-Data Mart Benchmark 1,165,742 Near Perfect Scaling Query Navigation Steps/Hour 1,200,000 3-Node RAC 900,309 1,000,000 800,000 2-Node RAC 609,349 600,000 Single Node SMP 320,363 400,000 182,112 200,000 IBM DB2 Oracle Oracle Oracle Oracle 8 8 16 24 32 0 # of CPU Cores These results as of September 20, 2010: have been certified by SAP AG, www.sap.com/benchmark. Please see notes page for SAP benchmark certification details for the above results. Best Business Intelligence Performance World Record SAP BI-Data Mart Benchmark 2-Node RAC Fujitsu RX600 S5 Near Perfect Scaling Query Navigation Steps/Hour 1800000 1,624,629 1600000 1400000 1200000 854,649 1000000 800000 600000 400000 182,112 200000 0 DB2 Oracle Oracle These results as of September 20, 2010: have been certified by SAP AG, www.sap.com/benchmark. Please see notes page for SAP benchmark certification details for the above results. What Oracle Runs Storage Example: Oracle Central e-Business DB Texas Colorado Sun E25K 36 CPU 2 Cores/CPU Total = 288 Cores 4 Node RAC Data Guard 76 TB Primary 76 TB Standby • Worldwide Central E-business database for Fortune 200 company • ERP, HR – Payroll, orders, contracts, procurement, expense reports, hiring… • Consolidated 70 separate Applications databases – Estimated cost savings of over $1B Oracle Beehive OLTP using Exadata • Runs Oracle Email, Calendar, Contacts, Chat, Documents, Web Conferencing Each of 3 Configurations: 16 Node RAC Cluster 2 quad-core Intel CPUs per Node • 16-node production system – Remote standby, testing system • 1 PB of disk per system – 50 SAS cells, 48 SATA cells – 3 PB of total storage Infiniband 17 Switches • Complete Oracle Software Stack – RAC, Streams, Active Data Guard, Secure Backup, RMAN, Flashback Database, ASM, Partitioning – 2X space saved with compressed SecureFiles 98 HP Exadata Storage Cells 1 PB Raw Storage Offloading and Caching for High Performance Database, Client, Remote <Insert Picture Here> Quiz Question 2: What is the maximum total server memory with Exadata • < 10GB • > 100GB, < 1 TB • > 1TB Server SQL Results Cache • Database caches results of queries, sub-queries, or pl/sql function calls – • • • • Cache is shared across statements and sessions on server – Full consistency and proper semantics 2x speedup on hit for worst case of trivial query 100x speedup on hit for complex queries Statement hints specify caching - /*+ result_cache +*/ Only for very read intensive tables In-Memory Parallel Execution • Database release 11.2 introduces parallel query processing on memory cached data – Queries run from tables in database buffer cache – Harnesses memory capacity of entire database cluster for queries • An affinity algorithm places fragments of a object (partitions) in memory on different RAC nodes • Data is kept compressed in memory Memory has 100x more bandwidth than Disk Database Smart Flash Cache • Database Smart Flash Cache transparently extends buffer cache Buffer Cache Many I/O’s Enterprise Storage Multiple Cabinets Buffer Cache Few I/O’s Database Smart Flash Cache • – 10x Larger – Uses flash disks or cards in database host – Cache eliminates most I/Os – Available on Solaris and Oracle Linux Benefits – Fewer disks needed – Less powerful array needed – Better response time Mid-Range Storage – Big jobs run faster Few Shelves – Lower Power – High ROI Oracle is the First Flash Optimized Database OCI Consistent Client Cache Application Server Database Consistent Caching Simplest Queries can speedup: • 50x in elapsed time • 20x in CPU time • Caches query results on client • Primarily for caching small (10s or 100s of KB) read-intensive tables – – Queries where network overhead dominates e.g. lookup tables • Cache is fully consistent – Coherence messages bundled into responses to DB calls ensure cache remain consistent – Like Cache Fusion extended out to clients Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database Cache Accelerates Oracle Database Applications Telco Services Financial Services CRM, Portal, SaaS, Customer-facing Applications Real-Time BAM & BI Application Application In-Memory Database Cache In-Memory Database Cache Application In-Memory Database Cache • Runs in the middle-tier • Caches subset of Oracle DB • Full featured in-memory RDBMS with standard SQL and PL/SQL • Accelerates applications with micro-second response time • Scale up on SMP • Scale out on commodity hardware • Supports read/write caching • Automatic synchronization with Oracle DB • Built-in high availability Order Matching Application • Three different types of transactions: – Place market order – Place limit order – Process quote • Business logic implemented in PL/SQL stored procedures • Application written in Java • Execute 1000 times in one thread – Place an order – Process a quote PL/SQL Executed on Oracle DB Trading Application Trading Application In-Memory Database Cache PL/SQL Executed in IMDB Cache Accelerate Order Matching Application Lower Response Time and Higher Throughput Lightning Fast Response Time (run on Exalogic X2-2 server) Average Response Time TimesTen In-Memory Database Microseconds 12 8 10 4 Millionths of a second 2.5 Millionths of a second 0 Read Transaction Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database 11g Update Transaction Intel Xeon 5670, 2 CPUs, 6 cores per CPU Solaris 10 TimesTen 11g – Read Throughput Scaling Scale Up on Multi-Processor / Multi-Core Hardware 3,500,000 TimesTen 11g - Read Throughput 3,112,020 Transactions Per Second 3,000,000 2,429,709 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,258,811 1,500,000 1,000,000 396,816 500,000 0 1 4 8 Concurrent Processes Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database 11g 12 Intel Xeon 5670, 2 CPUs, 6 cores per CPU Solaris 10 TimesTen 11g – Write Throughput Scaling Scale Up on Multi-Processor / Multi-Core Hardware 500,000 TimesTen 11g - Update Throughput 449,772 Transactions Per Second 450,000 400,000 338,511 350,000 270,369 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 98,106 100,000 50,000 0 1 4 8 12 Concurrent Processes Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database 11g Intel Xeon 5670, 2 CPUs, 6 cores per CPU Solaris 10 Active Data Guard Query Offload • Users want to performance protect their production DBs – Active Data Guard offloads high risk reporting & backup from OLTP • Current approaches – Physical Copy Reporting DB (e.g. split mirror) • Solution is simple but data is stale (day old) – Logical Replica Reporting DB (e.g. replication) • Replication provides real-time updates but is complex Simple • Active Data Guard enables a unique real-time solution – Reporting using physical standby technology – Real-time, simple, and fast – also provides DR Continuous Redo Shipment and Apply Production Database RealTime Concurrent Real-time Query Queries Reporting Database Web Scale Highly Available Reader Farm Reporting, web content browsing • Reader farm implemented using Active Data Guard – – – – Reader Databases Updates Scale-out read queries Isolate faults to each DB High performance Supports all types & DDL • Automatic, zero loss failover Redo Shipping Redo Shipping Primary Database Designated Fast-Start Failover DB – Readers follow automatically • RAC can scale-out updater, or centralize storage of readers High-Performance with Large Data Volumes <Insert Picture Here> Data Growth Challenges • IT must support exponentially growing amounts of data – With improved performance – With lower cost • Powerful and efficient compression is key Advanced OLTP Compression • Compress large application tables – Transaction processing, data warehousing – Transparent to application • Compress all data types – Structured and unstructured data types • Improve query performance – Cascade storage savings throughout data center Up To 4X Compression Real World Compression Results - ERP Database 10 Largest Tables Storage Utilization Table Scan Performance 2500 0.4 2.5x Faster 2000 3x Smaller 0.3 1500 0.2 1000 0.1 500 DML Performance 0 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 3% Overhead 0 Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression Two Modes Warehouse Compression • 10x average storage savings • 10x reduction in Scan IO Archive Compression • 15x average storage savings – Up to 50x on some data • Some access overhead • For cold or historical data Optimized for Speed Optimized for Space Smaller Warehouse Faster Performance Reclaim 93% of Disks Keep Data Online Can mix OLTP and Hybrid Columnar Compression by partition for ILM Real-World Compression Ratios Oracle Production E-Business Suite Tables Size Reduction Factor by Table 52 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 OLTP Compression (avg=3.3) 43 Query Compression (avg=14.6) Archive Compression (avg=22.6) 10 10 10 11 29 16 19 19 19 20 21 • Columnar compression ratios • Query = 14.6X • Archive = 22.6X • Vary by application and table © 2009 Oracle Corporationl 35 Files in the Database Reinvented • Best of Both Worlds • File Capabilities – – – – – – File System Interface High Performance Compression Encryption Deduplication HSM • Database Capabilities – Transactions – Query Consistency – Advanced Backup and Recovery – Powerful Security – Flashback – Scale up SMPs – Scale out Clusters • Files are an integral part of modern database applications – Product images, contracts, XML, ETL files, manuals, etc. • Application developers want to store business data files in the database to benefit from transactional consistency, and unify HA and Security – Poor performance, limited functionality, and lack of access by existing file based tools have held them back • Oracle Database 11g reinvents files in the database • SecureFiles provides super fast and powerful file storage – Removes performance barrier to storing files in the database • DBFS provides a file system interface to files in the DB – Enables existing file based tools to easily access DB files SecureFiles Performance • Performance compared to Linux FS – Tests run using both SecureFiles and ext3 in metadata journaling only, no network File Reads File Writes (MB/second) (MB/second) SecureFiles 100 80 60 40 20 0 Linux Files LOBs 0.01 0.10 1 File Size (MB) 10 100 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 SecureFiles Linux Files LOBs 0.01 0.10 1 10 File Size (MB) 100 Database File System - DBFS • Shared Linux file system – Shared storage for ETL staging, scripts, reports and other application files • Files stored as SecureFiles in database tables – Protected like any DB data – mirroring, DataGuard, Flashback, etc. • 5 to 7 GB/sec file system I/O throughput on Database Machine • Example use case: Load into database using External Tables ETL Files in DBFS ETL More File Throughput than High-End NAS Filer End-to-end Performance Architecture Exadata Hardware Architecture Scaleable Grid of industry standard servers for Compute and Storage • Eliminates long-standing tradeoff between Scalability, Availability, Cost Database Grid • 8 compute servers (1U) • 64 Intel cores InfiniBand Network Storage Grid • 14 storage servers (2U) • 112 Intel cores in storage • 100 TB SAS disk, or 336 TB SATA disk • Redundant 40Gb/s switches • 5 TB PCI Flash • Unified server & storage net • Data mirrored across storage servers © 2010 Oracle Corporation 40 Scales to 8 Racks by Just Adding Cables Full Bandwidth and Redundancy © 2010 Oracle Corporation 41 Exadata Flash Warehousing Fastest Query Throughput 50 GB/sec! Query Throughput Flash GB/sec Uncompressed Data Single Rack • 50 TB of data fits in Flash – Using 10x Query Compression Disk • Easily keep recent data in flash, older data on disk Teradata Netezza Exadata 2580 TwinFin 12 V2 Business answers in seconds, not hours © 2010 Oracle Corporation 42 Quiz Question 3: Can Exadata help scan even more than 50 GB/s per rack • Yes • No Exadata Flash Warehousing Comparison to Storage Arrays Storage Data Bandwidth Flash • Storage Arrays bottleneck on back-end connectivity and controller performance 50 GB/sec! (Uncompressed GB/sec) – Flash provides no bandwidth increase Disk • Exadata is fastest – and scales with more racks • Arrays don’t scale and: – – – – Exadata No CPU offload No Columnar Compression No InfiniBand Expensive V2 Multiple Racks © 2010 Oracle Corporation 1 Rack 44 High Performance Backup with Exadata • Backup runs at 7 TB/hr • Both to tape and disk • Less than 10% of Server CPU utilized during backup • OLTP Compression triples the effective backup rate • EHCC gets an effective rate of 70 TB/hr Load Performance • Reporting queries continue to run uninterrupted during loading data into the database – This is accomplished using Oracle’s unique Multi Version Read consistency Transaction model. – Oracle even has customers already doing “continuous loads” 24x7 while reporting queries are running in parallel • Data loaded into Exadata as tables – By loading from external files into tables in the database – Loads into tables on Exadata runs over 5 TB/hour • Data loaded into Exadata into external tables on DBFS – By loading ETL flat files into DBFS using ftp/scp – Data can be immediately queried using SQL on external tables – Loads into DBFS on Exadata runs over 90 TB/hour Oracle is Ready for the Future • High-Performance Today • Offloading and Caching for High Performance • High Performance with Large Data Volumes • End-to-end Performance Architecture