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What is a Database? • Collection of Dynamic Data – Large • Large of yesteryear now fits on a PC (small DBs) • Many applications require even more (terabytes, petabytes) • Size is sometimes thought of as the distinguishing feature – Persistent • With Some Operations – To Maintain the Data – To Retrieve the Data Intro: 1 What is a Database? • Collection of Dynamic Data Data • Large of yesteryear now fits on a PC (small DBs) Metadata • Many applications require even more (terabytes, petabytes) Datathought through • Query Size is sometimes of as the Metadata distinguishing feature – Large – Persistent • With Some Operations – To Maintain the Data – To Retrieve the Data Intro: 2 What is a Database System? Supports a Database • Provides Languages – DDL (Data-Definition Language) • Data Definition • Metadata – DML (Data-Manipulation Language) • Data Retrieval • Data Update • Provides Services – – – – – Storage Structures (files, indexes, …) Optimizers Crash Recovery Concurrency Control Constraint Checking (integrity) Intro: 3 What is a Database Application? • A Database with Application Programs – Runs on a Database System – Helps Satisfy End-User Business Needs • Examples (of Application Areas) – – – – – – Traditional: e.g. Airline Res., Banking, Business Records Decision Support Design Knowledge and Scientific Multimedia Information Integration & Data Warehousing Intro: 4 What’s to Learn about Databases? (focus on practical DB application development) • Terminology and Fundamental Concepts • SQL – – – – Underlying Concepts (relational algebra and calculus) Advanced Patterns and Usage Embeddings in High-Level Languages Triggers and Transaction Processing • Secondary Storage Characteristics (query efficiency) – Files, Indexing, Hashing – Query Optimization (query rewriting, cost estimation) – Crash Recovery & Concurrency Control • Database Design – Conceptual Modeling – Design (mapping conceptual models to database schemas, normalization) Intro: 5 What are the Current/Future Challenges for Database Systems? • World-Wide Data Initiatives (& CS452 Discussion Topics) – – – – Dataspaces Semi-structured Data Semantic Web Intelligence Gathering and Analysis • BYU Student Mentoring Opportunities – – – – Knowledge Bundles Multilingual Ontologies Revitalization of OCRed Historical Documents Web of Knowledge (WoK) • HyKSS, TANGO, WoK Reasoner • WePS, Craig’s List Alerter, WoK-HD Intro: 6