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Chapter 5 Database Processing © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke This Could Happen to You Dee selected Moveable Type application program Needs database program to store blog – – Consultant suggested MySQL Network standardized on Oracle – 5-2 May not be able to run Moveable Type Will require revision of labor estimates IT resists installing MySQL © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Study Questions 5-3 What is the purpose of a database? What does a database contain? What is a DBMS, and what does it do? What is a database application? What is the difference between an enterprise and a personal DBMS? How does the knowledge in this chapter help Dee? © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke What Is the Purpose of a Database? Spreadsheet and database keep track of things Spreadsheets – Databases – 5-4 Keep lists of single concept Keep lists that involve multiple themes © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke What Is a Database? Self-describing collection of integrated records Hierarchy of data elements – – – Bytes are grouped into columns/fields Columns grouped into rows/records Rows are grouped into tables/files Collection of tables plus relationships among rows – Also includes metadata 5-5 Describes structure of database © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Relationships Among Records Values in one table may relate rows to those in other tables Keys – – Foreign keys – Keys in a different table than the one in which they reside Relational database – 5-6 Column(s) that identify unique row in table Each table has a key Databases using tables, keys, and foreign keys © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Example of Relationships Among Rows Figure 5-6 5-7 © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Metadata Databases are self-describing – Metadata – – – 5-8 Contain description of its content Data that describes data Makes databases more useful Makes databases easier to use © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke What Is a DBMS and What Does It Do? Database management system (DBMS) – – Program that creates, process, and administers database Usually licensed from vendors 5-9 Microsoft, Oracle, MySQL, DB2 DBMS and database are two different things © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Ethics Guide: Nobody Said I Shouldn’t Kelly was employed maintaining servers and backing up database – Made copy of database to practice with – – 5-10 Accessed SQL Server metadata Discovered tables with order data, customers, salespeople Uncovered anomalies: one entry clerk gives a discount to a buyer that no one else was given Mentioned it to clerk Was terminated for accessing database © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke DBMS DBMS used to create tables, relationships in databases DBMS processes database – – Applications use DBMS to read, insert, modify, and delete data Structured Query Language (SQL) 5-11 International standard for processing database © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke DBMS, continued DBMS provides tools to assist in administration of database – – – – 5-12 Can be used to set up security Used to back up data Add structure to improve performance Remove data © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke What Is a Database Application? 5-13 Collection of forms, reports, queries, and application programs that process a database Databases can have more then one application Applications can have multiple users © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke MIS in Use: Dealing with Database Growth Textronix uses Oracle database to store and process financial data – 800 concurrent users Rapidly growing database caused performance to decline – One solution is to remove data – Data retention laws compound problems 5-14 Data still needed Sarbanes-Oxley SEC Rule 17-A HIPAA © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke MIS in Use, continued Data Archiving – – Problem for IS technicians Must create data archiving policy 5-15 Policy must address legal requirements Plan must be created for implementing policy Data about open transactions must not be archived Implement plan before performance problems arise Secure and back up data archive © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Forms, Reports, and Queries Forms – Reports – – Show data in structured context May compute values Queries – 5-16 Used to read, insert, modify, and delete data Means of getting answers from database data © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Database Application Programs Forms, reports, and queries work for standard functions Application programs – – Process logic specific to business need Enables database processing over Internet 5-17 Serves as intermediary between Web server and database Responds to events Reads. inserts, modifies, deletes data © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Multi-User Processing Common Unique problems – – Lost-update problem Locking used to coordinate activities of multiple users – 5-18 Creates new set of problems Data conflicts produce inaccurate results © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke What Is the Difference Between an Enterprise and a Personal DBMS? Enterprise DBMS – – – Personal DBMS – – – 5-19 Process large organizational and workgroup databases Support many users Examples: DB2, SQL Server, Oracle Designed for smaller, simpler database applications Supports fewer than 100 users Examples: Access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, R:Base © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Opposing Forces Guide: No, Thanks, I’ll Use a Spreadsheet Databases take time to build Complicated to operate – 5-20 May require use of multiple applications Need IS people to create it and keep it running Will share data that you may not want to expose Spreadsheets may be a better option in some cases © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke How Does the Knowledge in This Chapter Help Dee? She would know what a DBMS is and what roles it can play She would understand the diagram of the role of the DBMS for her blog – – 5-21 System is isolated from rest of databases Uses MySQL as part of functionality of her application Was better able to present her plan to IT © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke Active Review 5-22 What is the purpose of a database? What does a database contain? What is a DBMS, and what does it do? What is a database application? What is the difference between an enterprise and a personal DBMS? How does the knowledge in this chapter help Dee? © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Experiencing MIS, David Kroenke