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14 Chapter 14 Database Connectivity and Web Development Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management, Seventh Edition, Rob and Coronel 1 14 In this chapter, you will learn: • About the different database connectivity technologies • How Web-to-database middleware is used to integrate databases with the Internet • The first steps in building a Web-based database front end using Macromedia ColdFusion • What Extensible Markup Language (XML) is and why it is important for Web database development Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 2 14 Database Connectivity • Refers to mechanisms through which application programs connect and communicate with data repositories • Database connectivity software is also known as database middleware • Data repository, also known as data source, represents the data management application that will be used to store data generated by application program Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 3 14 Native SQL Connectivity • Refers to connection interface that is provided by database vendor and is unique to that vendor • Best example of that type of native interface is Oracle RDBMS – To connect client application to Oracle database, you must install and configure Oracle’s SQL*Net interface in client computer Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 4 14 Native SQL Connectivity (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 5 14 ODBC, DAO, and RDO • Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) – Microsoft’s implementation of a superset of SQL Access Group Call Level Interface (CLI) standard for database access – Probably most widely supported database connectivity interface – Allows any Windows application to access relational data sources, using SQL via standard application programming interface (API) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 6 14 ODBC, DAO, and RDO (continued) • Data Access Objects (DAO) – Object-oriented API used to access MS Access, MS FoxPro, and dBase databases from Visual Basic programs – Provided an optimized interface that exposed functionality of Jet data engine to programmers – DAO interface can also be used to access other relational style data sources Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 7 14 ODBC, DAO, and RDO (continued) • Remote Data Objects (RDO) – Higher-level object-oriented application interface used to access remote database servers – Uses lower-level DAO and ODBC for direct access to databases – Was optimized to deal with server-based databases, such as MS SQL Server, Oracle, and DB2 Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 8 14 ODBC, DAO, and RDO (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 9 14 ODBC, DAO, and RDO (continued) • Basic ODBC architecture has three main components: – High-level ODBC API through which application programs access ODBC functionality – Driver manager that is in charge of managing all database connections – ODBC driver that communicates directly to DBMS Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 10 14 ODBC, DAO, and RDO (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 11 14 ODBC, DAO, and RDO (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 12 14 OLE-DB • Object Linking and Embedding for Database • Database middleware that adds object-oriented functionality for access to relational and nonrelational data • Composed of series of COM objects that provide lowlevel database connectivity for applications • OLE-DB model is better understood when you divide its functionality into following types of objects: – Consumers – Providers Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 13 14 OLE-DB (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 14 14 OLE-DB (continued) • OLE-DB did not provide support for scripting languages • ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) provides highlevel application-oriented interface to interact with OLE-DB, DAO, and RDO • ADO provides unified interface to access data from any programming language that uses the underlying OLE-DB objects Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 15 14 OLE-DB (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 16 14 OLE-DB (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 17 14 ADO.NET • ADO.NET is data access component of Microsoft’s .NET application development framework • Introduced two new features critical for development of distributed applications: DataSets and XML support – DataSet is disconnected memory-resident representation of database – DataSet is internally stored in XML format and data in DataSet can be made persistent as XML documents Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 18 14 ADO.NET (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 19 14 ADO.NET (continued) • ADO.NET comes with two standard data providers: – Data provider for OLE-DB data sources – Data Provider for SQL Server • No matter data provider, it must support set of specific objects in order to manipulate data in data source – – – – – – Connection Command DataReader DataAdapter DataSet DataTable Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 20 14 Internet Databases • Web database connectivity allows new innovative services that: – Permit rapid response to competitive pressures by bringing new services and products to market quickly – Increase customer satisfaction through creation of Web-based support services – Yield fast and effective information dissemination through universal access from across street or across globe Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 21 14 Internet Databases (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 22 14 Web-to-Database Middleware: Server-Side Extensions • Also known as Web-to-database middleware • Program that interacts directly with Web server to handle specific types of requests • Provides its services to Web server in way that is totally transparent to client browser Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 23 Web-to-Database Middleware: Server-side Extensions (continued) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 14 24 14 Web Server Interfaces • Two well-defined Web server interfaces: – Common Gateway Interface (CGI) – Application programming interface (API) Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management, 7th Edition, Rob & Coronel 25