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Year 11 biology Unit 1 Reproduction Project Tuvao Paese 11c Introduction The butterfly classification: Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Arthropoda Class:Insecta Order:Lepidoptera Butterflies are native to all continents except Antarctica The habitat of Butterflies are found in a variety of different climate environments. They can be found in Tropical areas, forests, marshes, rivers, swamps, meadows, farmlands and gardens Butterflies sip nectar from flowers, juice from rotting fruit and drink water The Butterfly is described as an insect of the order Lepidoptera. Butterflies alone are called Papilionoidea. Butterflies characteristically have slender bodies, knobbed antennae, six legs and four broad, usually colourful wings. The thorax is the point of attachment for the two pairs of wings the forewings and hind wings. The Butterfly has a segmented body in which there are three body parts - a head, a thorax and an abdomen. On the head are the eyes, antennae and proboscis - the long, flexible "tongue" used to sip nectar and other liquids. The origins of the name come from their membranous wings which are covered with tiny scales. Sexual Dimorphism in Butterflies Males have two black spots and thin black webbing on their wings Females have no spots and thick black webbing on their wings Courtship in butterflies A male butterfly has several methods of determining whether he has found a female of his own species. One way is by sight. The male will look for butterflies with wings that are the correct colour and pattern. When a male sights a potential mate it will fly closer, often behind or above the female. Once closer, the male will release special chemicals, called pheromones, while it flutters its wings a bit more than usual. The male may also do a special "courtship dance" to attract the female. These "dances" consist of flight patterns that are peculiar to that species of butterfly. If the female is interested she may join the male's dance. They will then mate by joining together end to end at their abdomens. During the mating process, when their bodies are joined, the male passes sperm to the female. As the eggs later pass through the female's egg-laying tube, they are fertilized by the sperm. The male butterfly often dies soon after mating. Female insects very picky and will not mate a male butterfly unless he impresses her, however if the male decides to impress the female he will flutter/brushes against the female. Covering the female butterfly with a scent from special scales called androgenic, located on the forewing. Male (upper) and female (lower) Heath Fritillary butterflies () showing courtship behaviour Videos captured at Melbourne Zoo Originally From Tuvao Paese Fertilization in butterflies Butterfly eggs grow in size as they mature within the female's abdomen. Egg-laying is triggered when they reach a certain size, at which time they pass from the ovarie to the egg chamber. They are fertilised just prior to egg-laying, the male's sperm having been stored until this time within a receptacle in the female abdomen. The sperm is fertilising a sperm. Mating in Butterflies Key Ideas · A butterfly’s metabolism is dependent upon the environmental temperature. They are “cold blooded”. · Butterflies bask in the sun to raise their body temperatures. · Flight allows butterflies to locate food, mates and host plants. · Flight allows butterflies to escape predators. · Butterflies roost at night. · Butterflies display puddling behaviour to obtain salts and minerals. · Butterflies feed on a variety of liquids, including nectar and the juices from overripe fruit, carrion and manure. · The courtship behaviour of butterflies is unique to each species. The butterflies stay coupled for a period of time. Sometimes a short time sometimes longer. It is not unusual for the pair to fly while still coupled. The purpose of any courtship routine (humans included!) is to discover the suitability of the potential mate. Part of this process is to discover if the female is already fertilised (pregnant might be a human parallel), the female can release a pheromone (chemical) which will show her unavailability, or just not follow the usual mating routine. Parts of a Butterfly Life Cycle of a butterfly References http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/jmresources/butbodyparts/index.html http://library.thinkquest.org/C002251/cgibin/default.cgi?language=english&mode=chapter&outputmode=0&navmenu=1&javascript=1&chapter=3§io n=2 http://www.naturemuseum.org/online/thebutterflylab/anatomy/internalorgans.html (Information for the adult body and also naming the internal organs) http://www.naturemuseum.org/online/thebutterflylab/lifecycle/index.htm#( for the life cycle) Thankyou for watching