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Cell Cycle Vocabulary Somatic Cells: Cells that make organs (ex. liver, skin) Homologous: The same Chromosomes: Threadlike strands of DNA Cell Cycle Vocabulary Sister Chromatids: Identical copies of chromosomes attached by centromeres Centromeres: Attachment site for sister chromatids The Cell Cycle Organisms need to make new cells for growth and to replace dead cells There are two phases in the cell cycle Interphase and Mitotic Phase Interphase The time when the cell feeds, grows and replicates it’s DNA The cell spends most of it’s time in Interphase 3 Stages of Interphase G1 stage is when the cell conducts normal functions S stage is when the cell’s chromosomes replicate G2 stage is when the cell continues normal functions and organelles replicated References Sister Chromatid: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.janewhitney.com/img/sister_c hromatids.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.janewhitney.com/biology.html&usg=__2qlCMV d3w0NbpVMVDdO_ZrdJNwc=&h=425&w=454&sz=57&hl=en&start=123&um=1&t bnid=DdhnONPFJouerM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchromati ds%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4GWYA_enUS312US312%26sa% 3DN%26start%3D120%26um%3D1 Chromosome: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sciencewithmrmilstid.com/me dia/chromosome.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sciencewithmrmilstid.com/%3Fcat%3D 43&usg=__PPtUHU8GEQWJahZY_P53HzaYdjs=&h=700&w=595&sz=59&hl=en& start=90&um=1&tbnid=9_uEKMPJz59hM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchromosomes%26ndsp%3D2 0%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4GWYA_enUS312US312%26sa%3DN%26start%3D 80%26um%3D1 The 2 stages of Mitotic Phase Mitosis stage is when the cell’s nucleus divides Cytokinesis stage is when the cell’s cytoplasm divides Mitosis There are four phase of Mitosis: • • • • Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Prophase The replicated chromosomes wind up tightly The membrane around the nucleus breaks down Metaphase Developed Spindle fibers move sister chromatids to middle of Cell Sister chromatids pairs line up in cell’s middle Anaphase Spindle fibers attach to centromeres on sister chromatids The fibers pull sister chromatids apart and towards opposite ends of cell Chromatids are now called Chromosomes Telophase Nuclear membrane forms around each chromosome Coiled chromosomes loosen Result is two identical nuclei http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m73i1Zk8EA0 Cytokinesis Cytoplasm separates to create two new cells called daughter cells Cell plate forms to become cell membrane Organelles equally divide between the two cells Meiosis Meiosis is the process of mitosis twice to create sex cells Sex cells are called gametes Gametes are sperm in males and eggs in females References Mitosis pictures: http://www.compulink.co.uk/~argus/Dreambio/cell%20division/cell%20division%20mitosis.ht m http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/images/MITOSIS2.gif Cytokinesis: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_01_i mg0100.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.biologyreference.com/CoDn/Cytokinesis.html&usg=__q4iWWzusYjL5Yeikin1cQ4UsUsc=&h=450&w=307&sz=29&hl=e n&start=11&um=1&tbnid=oPtLw2PQPdq0MM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3 Dcytokinesis%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IESearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7GGLL_en%26um%3D1 Gametes: http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mcatzone.com/uploads/gloss/gametes.jpg&i mgrefurl=http://www.mcatzone.com/glosslet.php%3Fletter%3Dg&usg=__WX18uDpljPXmU3 phIu3feAln9u0=&h=280&w=386&sz=30&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=HECBA5xCziZ8M:&tbnh=89&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgametes%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3 D1T4GWYA_enUS312US312%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1