Download The Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle Vocabulary
Somatic Cells:
Cells that make organs (ex. liver, skin)
Homologous:
The same
Chromosomes:
Threadlike strands of DNA
Cell Cycle Vocabulary
Sister Chromatids:
Identical copies of chromosomes
attached by centromeres
Centromeres:
Attachment site for sister chromatids
The Cell Cycle
Organisms need to make new cells for growth
and to replace dead cells
There are two phases in the cell cycle
Interphase and Mitotic Phase
Interphase
The time when the cell feeds,
grows and replicates it’s DNA
The cell spends most of it’s
time in Interphase
3 Stages of Interphase
G1 stage is when the cell conducts normal
functions
S stage is when the cell’s chromosomes
replicate
G2 stage is when the cell continues normal
functions and organelles replicated
References
Sister Chromatid:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.janewhitney.com/img/sister_c
hromatids.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.janewhitney.com/biology.html&usg=__2qlCMV
d3w0NbpVMVDdO_ZrdJNwc=&h=425&w=454&sz=57&hl=en&start=123&um=1&t
bnid=DdhnONPFJouerM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchromati
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3DN%26start%3D120%26um%3D1
Chromosome:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sciencewithmrmilstid.com/me
dia/chromosome.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.sciencewithmrmilstid.com/%3Fcat%3D
43&usg=__PPtUHU8GEQWJahZY_P53HzaYdjs=&h=700&w=595&sz=59&hl=en&
start=90&um=1&tbnid=9_uEKMPJz59hM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchromosomes%26ndsp%3D2
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The 2 stages of Mitotic Phase
Mitosis stage is when the cell’s nucleus divides
Cytokinesis stage is when the cell’s cytoplasm
divides
Mitosis
There are four phase of Mitosis:
•
•
•
•
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
The replicated chromosomes wind up
tightly
The membrane around the
nucleus breaks down
Metaphase
Developed Spindle fibers move
sister chromatids to middle of
Cell
Sister chromatids pairs line up
in cell’s middle
Anaphase
Spindle fibers attach to centromeres
on sister chromatids
The fibers pull sister
chromatids apart and towards
opposite ends of cell
Chromatids are now called
Chromosomes
Telophase
Nuclear membrane forms around
each chromosome
Coiled chromosomes loosen
Result is two identical nuclei
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m73i1Zk8EA0
Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm separates to create
two new cells called daughter
cells
Cell plate forms to become cell
membrane
Organelles equally divide between
the two cells
Meiosis
Meiosis is the process of mitosis twice to
create sex cells
Sex cells are called gametes
Gametes are sperm in males
and eggs in females
References
Mitosis pictures:
http://www.compulink.co.uk/~argus/Dreambio/cell%20division/cell%20division%20mitosis.ht
m
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/images/MITOSIS2.gif
Cytokinesis:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_01_i
mg0100.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.biologyreference.com/CoDn/Cytokinesis.html&usg=__q4iWWzusYjL5Yeikin1cQ4UsUsc=&h=450&w=307&sz=29&hl=e
n&start=11&um=1&tbnid=oPtLw2PQPdq0MM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3
Dcytokinesis%26hl%3Den%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IESearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7GGLL_en%26um%3D1
Gametes:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mcatzone.com/uploads/gloss/gametes.jpg&i
mgrefurl=http://www.mcatzone.com/glosslet.php%3Fletter%3Dg&usg=__WX18uDpljPXmU3
phIu3feAln9u0=&h=280&w=386&sz=30&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=HECBA5xCziZ8M:&tbnh=89&tbnw=123&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgametes%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3
D1T4GWYA_enUS312US312%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1