Download asdfs - local.brookings.k12.sd.us

Chapter 8
Cell division
Mitosis/Meiosis
Review
This spot that holds the 2
chromatid copies together
is called a
centromere
______________________
The phase of the cell cycle
in which cells stop dividing all together.
G0
Cell division in bacteria
cells is called
Binary fission
_______________________
Phase of the cell cycle in which
DNA is copied
S (synthesis)
This organized picture
of an individual’s
chromosomes is called
karyotype
a _______________
female (has XX)
This person is a _____________.
male
female
The proteins that help wrap up the
DNA into chromosomes are
histones
______________________
Phase of the cell cycle
In which the nuclear
membrane is present
and DNA is spread out
into chromatin. interphase
This red area on the
centromere where the
spindle fibers attach is
called the
___________________
kinetochore
List the phases of mitosis in order
starting with prophase.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase,
cytokinesis
Phase of mitosis that follows
anaphase
telophase
Phase of the cell cycle that follows G2
Mitosis (prophase)
This network of fibers
that attach and pull
the chromosomes
apart is called the
mitotic ______________
spindle
This cell is in
__________________
prophase
Humans have ______
46
chromosomes.
(23 pairs)
Type of cell division in eukaryotic
cells that results in 2 identical
daughter cells.
mitosis
Reproduction in which
offspring come from
the DNA of just one parent is
called
asexual
_____________
reproduction
The dark colored spot near the
nucleus that contains the centrioles
when the cell is not dividing is the
centrosome
______________
The 2 chromosomes that determine
the sex of an individual are called
__________________________
Sex chromosomes
G1, S, and G2 make up this phase
of the cell cycle.
Interphase
Sperm and eggs are
__________
cells.
haploid
haploid
diploid
This person is a
_______________
Male
(has XY)
male
female
Proteins that control the turning
on and off of specific regions of
DNA
Non-histones
One of 2 identical arms
that make up a
chromosome
chromatid
A cell that contains two copies of
each chromosome is said to be
diploid
__________________
Humans have 2 sex chromosomes
autosomes
and 44 _______________.
The place in the cell membrane of
an animal cell that pinches in
during cytokinesis is called a
____________________
cleavage furrow
Plant cells can’t pinch to divide,
instead they form a _______________
cell plate
to divide.
This phase of the
cell cycle is
anaphase
______________
Cell which contains only 1 copy of
each of the chromosomes
haploid
This phase of the
cell cycle is
metaphase
________________
Phase of the cell cycle cells spend
most of their time in.
Interphase (G1)
Part of interphase in which the
cell grows to mature size and
carries out its job.
G1
Type of eukaryotic cell division
which produces cells with ½ the
number of chromosomes as the
original cell. meiosis
Phase of mitosis that follows
prophase
metaphase
Phase of the cell cycle that follows S
G2
DNA that is all spread out in
an interphase nucleus is called
________________
chromatin
Phase of mitosis in which the
nuclear membrane and nucleolus
disappear and the DNA scrunches
into chromosomes.
prophase
In this part of interphase cells
make the molecules and organelles
needed for cell division
G2
The 2 copies of each chromosome
are called ______________
homologous
chromosomes because are the same size,
same shape, and carry genes for the
same traits.
These structures
at the poles which
attach to the
spindle fibers and
pull the
chromosomes. centrioles
A karyotype can tell us ____________
The sex of the organism
AND if they have missing/extra chromosomes
When chromatin scrunches together
chromosome
it is called a _________________
If the body cells of an organism
have 24 chromosomes, how many
would be in a sperm or egg cell?
12;
Sperm and eggs have ½ the number of chromosomes
as body cells
True OR False
This organism
is a human.
False;
only 40 chromosomes
Humans have 46
Phase of mitosis in which chromsomes
line up in the middle of the cell.
metaphase
Mitosis or Meiosis?
Used by organisms to grow in size Mitosis
Makes 4 haploid cells
Meiosis
Crossing over happens
Meiosis
Used to make gametes
Meiosis
Makes identical 2n cells
Used to repair injuries or
replace worn out cells
Mitosis
Mitosis
This phase is
called
_______________
interphase
Dark spots next to the
nucleus that contain the centrioles.
centrosomes
Phase of mitosis that follows
metaphase
anaphase
Phase of the cell cycle that follows G1
S
This cell is in
___________
anaphase
Phase of cell division in which
the nuclear membrane returns and
chromosomes spread out into
chromatin. telophase
This cell is in
__________
telophase
The cell above is a _________
cell.
Plant
animal
plant
You can see the cell plate
forming in center instead
of a cleavage furrow.
The person in this karyotype has an
extra number #21 chromosome.
Down’s syndrome.
She has ________
Reproduction in which
offspring come from
the DNA of 2 parents
is called ____________
sexual
reproduction.
Phase of the cell cycle in which cells
stop dividing all together
G0
Phase of mitosis in which
separate and move to opposite
ends of the cell.
anaphase
The very first dividing phase is
prophase
_______________
Type of cell division
shown at the left
mitosis
meiosis
meiosis
How can you tell?
Homologous pairs line up,
crossing over happens;
end up with 4 cells that have ½ the
chromosome number you started with
This is called a
______________
Cleavage furrow
an animal
This cell is _____________
cell.
Plants don’t have cleavage furrows.
an animal
a plant
Phase of meiosis where crossing
over happens
PROPHASE I
Type of cell division used to make
gametes
meiosis
Phase of the cell cycle where cells
spend most of their time. They
grow bigger and they do their job
as body cells.
G1
List the phases of mitosis in order
starting with interphase
Interphase, prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
Name the two ways genetic
recombination happens during
meiosis
Crossing over &
independent assortment
How is INTERPHASE II different
from INTERPHASE I?
DNA is NOT copied during interphase II
and it is in interphase I
The exchange of
genetic material
between chromatid
arms of homologous
chromosomes is
called
_______________
Crossing over
The group of 4 chromatid arms
tetrad
above is called a ___________
Tell 2 ways mitosis and meiosis
are different
MITOSIS
Makes 2 diploid (2n) cells
Divides once
Makes body cells
Makes cells identical to parent
No genetic recombination
Used to grow in size,
repair injuries,
replace worn out cells
No synapsis of homologous pairs
MEIOSIS
Makes 4 haploid (1n) cells
Divides twice/copies DNA once
Makes gametes (sperm/eggs)
Makes cells with ½ the number
of chromosomes of parent
Crossing over/independent
assortment allow for
genetic recombination
Used to make reproductive
cells
Homologous pairs line up
together
THE END
The chromosomes that DO NOT
determine the organism’s sex are
autosomes
called _________________
Type of cell division in which
genetic recombination can happen.
meiosis
Phase of the cell cycle after S phase
in which cells make the molecules
and organelles needed for cell
division. G
2
Humans have ? Chromosomes.
46
(23 pairs)