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Cell Structures, Functions and
Transport
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus
1.
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Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: holds the DNA
Parts:
1.
Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the
nucleus that helps make ribosomes
Located Inside the Nucleus
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Chromatin
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Function:
Material in cells that contains DNA and
carries genetic information and direct
functions of a cell.
Thin strands inside the nucleus.
When the cell get ready to
divide it makes
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Chromosomes
Function: Carries genetic information
that control inherited characteristics
such as eye color and blood type.
DNA is always in the form of
chromosomes.
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Ribosomes
2.
Nickname: “Protein factories”

Function: Produce proteins
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Proteins are passed to the interior of the
endoplasmic reticulum. From there they
will be transported to the Golgi bodies.
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
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Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
3.
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Nickname: “Passageway”
Function: Passageway that carries proteins
and other materials from one part of the
cell to another.
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum

2 Types:
1. Rough ER:
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2.
Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it
has ribosomes
Smooth ER:
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NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Go to
Section:
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Golgi Complex
4.
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Nickname: mailroom
Function: receives, packages, and
distributes proteins and other materials to
different locations inside/outside of the
cell
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
ribosomes)
5.
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Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Function: to break down large food
particles into smaller ones. Also, breaks
down old cell parts and release
substances to reuse.
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Mitochondria
6.
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Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Function: Produce most of the energy
the cell needs to carry out its functions.
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Muscle cells have large numbers of
mitochondria.
Breaks down food to make ATP
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ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
7.
Cell Membrane
Nickname: “Gatekeeper”
Function: forms outside boundary of
animal cell and allows materials to move
in and out of the cell
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Selectively permeable – allows some
substances to move through and some
cannot.
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
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Now let’s talk about structures only
found in PLANT Cells!!
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Plant Cell
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
8.
Vacuoles
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Nickname: Storage Tank
Function: stores water, food, waste
products, and other materials.
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Central vacuole in plants
Not all animals have vacuoles. If they do they
are small and more than one.
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
9.
Chloroplasts
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Function: captures energy from the sun
to produce food for the plant cell
Green in color because of chlorophyll,
which is a green pigment
Chloroplasts
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
10. Cell
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Wall
Function: rigid layer of non-living
material that surrounds the cells of plants
and some other organisms.
Provides support and protection to the
cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in plant
cells
Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant
Animal