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Cell Structures, Functions and
Transport
Prokaryotic cells


cells that do not contain
internal membrane-bound
structures
Bacteria and some other
single celled organisms
Eukaryotic Cells


contain membrane-bound
structures
all plant and animal cells

-
-
Cytoplasm
The environment
inside the plasma
membrane
Semifluid material
Thought to be
where organelles
float

−
−
Cytoskeleton
The supporting
network of protein
fibers that provide a
framework for the
cell (microfibers and
microtublues)
Organelles are
anchored
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Lysosomes
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Nucleus
1.




Nickname: “The Control Center”
Function: holds the DNA
Membrane bound (nuclear envelope)
Parts:
1.
Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the
nucleus that helps make ribosomes
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Lysosomes
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Ribosomes
2.



Function: makes proteins
Found in all cells, prokaryotic and
eukaryotic
Not bound by a membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
3.



Nickname: “Roads”
Membrane bound
Function: The internal delivery system of
the cell
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Lysosomes
Go to
Section:
Endoplasmic Reticulum

2 Types:
1. Rough ER:


2.
Rough appearance because it has
ribosomes
Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it
has ribosomes
Smooth ER:


NO ribosomes
Function: makes fats or lipids
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Complex
Lysosomes
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Golgi Complex
4.




Nickname: The shippers
Function: packages, modifies, and
transports materials to different location
inside/outside of the cell
Membrane bound
Appearance: stack of pancakes
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Lysosomes
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than
ribosomes)
5.



Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
Membrane bound
Function: to break down food into
particles the rest of the cell can use and
to destroy old cells
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Lysosomes
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Mitochondria
6.



Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
Membrane bound
Function: Energy formation

Breaks down food to make ATP

ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that
require energy
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Lysosomes

Now let’s talk about structures only
found in PLANT Cells!!
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Section 7-2
Plant Cell
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Vacuoles (animals may have a much
7.
smaller vacuole)

Function: stores water

This is what makes lettuce crisp


When there is no water, the plant wilts
Membrane bound
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Chloroplasts
8.



Function: traps energy from the sun to
produce food for the plant cell
Membrane bound
Green in color because of chlorophyll,
which is a green pigment
Chloroplasts
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cell
Section 7-2
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Go to
Section:
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and
Function
Cell Wall
9.


Function: provides support and
protection to the cell membrane
Found outside the cell membrane in plant
cells
Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Smooth ER
Ribosomes
Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Bodies
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant
Animal
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
1) Cell Wall
2) Chloroplasts
3) Cytoskeleton and cytoplasm
4) Nucleus
5) Endoplasmic Reticulum
6) Golgi Apparatus
7) Vacuole
8) Mitochondria
9) Genetic Material
10) Plasma Membrane
11) Ribosomes
1) Lysosomes
2) Centrioles
3) Cytoskeleton and cytoplasm
4) Nucleus
5) Endoplasmic Reticulum
6) Golgi Apparatus
7) Vacuole
8) Mitochondria
9) Genetic Material
10) Plasma Membrane
11) Ribosomes
Prokaryotic Cell
1)Cytoskeleton and cytoplasm
2) Ribosomes
3) Plasma Membrane
4)Cell Wall
5) DNA
6) Capsule
7) Flagella
8) Cillia
Comparing Plant, Animal and Prokaryotic
Cells
Plant
Animal
Prokaryotes